Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Chapter 1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Biology

A

Study of life/living things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

six kingdoms of organisms

A

Archaea, bacteria, protista, fungi, plantea, and animalia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Archaea

A

Kingdom of prokaryotes includes this methanogen, which manufactures methane.
(simple cells that do not have nuclei)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bacteria

A

This group is the second of the two prokaryotic kingdoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Two kingdoms that belong to prokaryotes groups

A

Archaea and bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Protista

A

Include most of the unicellular eukaryotes as well as multicellular algea
Whose cells contain a nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fungi

A

Contains nonphotosynthetic organisms, mostly multicellular

**These kingdoms digest their food externally such as mushrooms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Plantea

A

Contains photosynthetic multicellular organisms that are primarily terrestrial, such as flowering plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Animalia

A

nonphotosynthetic multicellular organisms that digest their food internally such as a mountain goat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

different ways to study the diversity of life

A

Live with gorillas, collect fossils, listen to whales, etc…, isolate bacteria, grow mushrooms and examine the structure of fruit flies, read messages encoded in the long molecules of heredity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Note***

A

the living world is very diverse, but all organisms share key properties. However each kingdom is profoundly different

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Note***

A

All living things posses cells that carry out metabolism, mantain stable internal conditions, reproduce, and use dna to transmit hereditary informationto offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Five basic properties that are shared by living things

A 
Cellular orgainzations
Metabolism
homeostasis
Growth and reproduction
Heredity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cellular organization

A

all living things are composed of one or more cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Membrane

A

A tiny compartment with a thin covering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Note***

A

Some cells have simple interiors, while others are complexly organized, but ALL are able to grow and reproduce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Note***

A

A human body can contain 10-100 trillion cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Metabolism

A

The transfer of energy from one form to another in cells. All living things use energy, captured from sunlight by plants, algae, and certain bacteria through photosynthesis. to get energy that powers our lives, we extract it from plants or from animals that eat plants or that eat plant-eating animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Notes* ex

A

A kingfisher bird obtains the the energy it needs to move, grow, and carry out its body processes by eating fish that eat algae. The bird metabolizes this food using chemical processes that occur within cells

20
Q

ATP

A

GET INFO

21
Q

Homeostasis

A

All living things maintain stable internal conditions so that their complex processes can be better coordinated

22
Q

Note** Homeostasis

A

Your body will try to maintain an internal temperature of around 37C/98.6F reguardless of how hot or cold the weather may be

23
Q

Growth and reproduction

A

All living things grow and reproduce. Bacteria will split into two as it increases in size approx every 15 minutes. More complex organisms grow by increasing the number of cells and reproduce sexually by producing gametes that combine giving rise to offspring

24
Q

Note***

A

The Bristlecone pine of california have reproduced after 4.600 years by increasing the number of cells and reproducing via gametes

25
Q

Heredity

A

All organism posses a genetic system that is based on a long molecule called DNA
The info that determines what an individual organism will be like is contained in a code that is dictated by the order of the subunits making up the DNA molecules

26
Q

Gene

A

Each set of instructions within the DNA

27
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid–a long molecule that includes the genetic system
GET INFO

28
Q

Hierarchy of increasing complexity

Complexity of life at three levels

A

Cellular level
Organismal level
Populational level

29
Q

Cellular level from smallest to largest

A 
Atoms
Molecules
Macromolecules
organelles
cells
30
Q

Atoms

A

The fundmental elements of matter

ie: hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen

31
Q

Molecules

A

Atoms that are joined together into complex clusters

ie: Adenine

32
Q

Macromolecules

A

Large complex molecules such as DNA that stores hereditary info
ieDNA

33
Q

Organelles

A

Complex bilogical colecules that are assembled into tiny compartments within cells such as nucleus within which the cell’s DNA is stored
ie: nucleus

34
Q

Cells

A

Organelles and other elements that are assembled into membrane-bounded units
Cells are the smallest level of organization that can be considered alive
ie: Nerve cell

35
Q

What is the smallest level of organization that can be considered “alive”

A

Cells

36
Q

Four levels in organismal level

A

Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Organism

37
Q

Tissues

A

Groups of similar cells that act as a functional unit

  • *the most basic level
    ie: nerve tissue composed of cells called neurons that carry electrical signals
38
Q

Organs

A

grouped tissues which are body structures composed of several different tissues that form a structural and functional unit
ie: your brain is an organ composed of nerve cells and a variety of connective tissues that form protective coverings and distribute blood

39
Q

Organ System

A

Organs that are grouped into organ systems
ie: The nervous system which consist of sensory organs, the brain and spinal cord, neurons that convey signals throughout the body, and supporting cells

40
Q

Organism

A

organ systems that function together to form an organism

ie: A duck

41
Q

Four levels in a population level

A

Population
Species
Community
Ecosystem

42
Q

Population

A

a group of organisms of the same species living in the same place
ie: A flock of geese living together on a pond

43
Q

Species

A

All the populations of a particular kind of organsim together form a species. Its members similar in appearence and able to interbreed.
ie: All Canadain geese, whether found in Minnesota, Wisconsin, or Canada are basically the same members of the species Branta Canadensis
Sandhill cranes are a different species

44
Q

Branta Canadensis

A

Canadien Geese

45
Q

Community

A

A higher level of biological organization. A communtiy living in the same place but are not similar in species
ie: Geese living on the same pond with ducks, insects, and fish

46
Q

Ecosystem

A

The highest tier of the biological organization, a biological community and the soil and water within which it lives together consitutes an ecological system or ecosystem

47
Q

Emergent Properties

A

At each higher level in the living heirarchy, novel properties emerg, properties that were not present at the simpler level of organization.
GET INFO

Biology Chapter 1 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions