Chapter 1-4 EXAM

Question 1

What is the process by which policies are passed?

Answer 1

Policies are laws passed by the legislature, approved by the governor, implemented by an executive department, and interpreted by the states

Question 2

What is politics?

Answer 2

The process of policy making that involves conflict and cooperation between political parties and other groups that seek to elect government officials or to influence those officials when they make public policy

Question 3

What is De Jure segregation?

Answer 3

Segregation by law

Question 4

What is political culture?

Answer 4

Widely shared attitudes, habits, and general, behavior patterns that develop over time and affect the political life of a state region

Question 5

What are the 3 distinct subcultures that exist in the United States?

Answer 5

Moralistic, individualistic, and traditionalistic

Question 6

Moralistic subculture?

Answer 6

Originated in Puritan New England , citizens view government as a public service

Question 7

What do people of moralistic subculture believe?

Answer 7

They expect the government to improve conditions for the people through economic regulation and to advance the public good in order to create a just society

Question 8

What is important about E.J Davis?

Answer 8

Radical Republican Governor who used aggressive use of state government power in an effort to protect black political participation making him many enemies among conservative white democrats who regained control of the government when reconstruction ended

Question 9

What happened in response to EJ Davis?

Answer 9

It resulted in a decentralized weak government established by the 1876 Texas constitution. Still in operation today

Question 10

What does progressive mean?

Answer 10

Favoring and working for progress in conditions facing the majority of society or in government

Question 11

Give examples of progressive groups in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?

Answer 11

Farmers Alliance, Populist Party, and the Socialist Party

Question 12

What is the individualistic subculture?

Answer 12

Grew out of the focus on individual opportunity, especially in business in the mid- Atlantic colonies

Question 13

What did the people of individualism subculture believe?

Answer 13

Viewed government as an adversary that used taxes and regulation to limit their economic freedom

Question 14

What is an importance source of Texas individualistic subculture?

Answer 14

Mostly English speaking white settlers who came to Texas in the early 19th century from the U.S either individually or because they were recruited by empresarios like Stephen F Austin, these settlers without significant govt restraint, persevered through extreme hardships

Question 15

What are right to work laws?

Answer 15

Laws that limit the power of workers to bargain collectively and form and operate unions, increasing the power of employers relative to their employees

Question 16

What is the traditionalistic subculture?

Answer 16

Grew out of the old south, rooted in feudal-like notions of society and govt that developed in the context of slave states, where property and income were unequally dispersed

Question 17

What is gentrification?

Answer 17

A relocation of middle class or affluent people into deteriorating urban areas often displacing low income residents

Question 18

Urbanization?

Answer 18

Stretches the resources of cities, increases pollution and cost of living

Question 19

What are the 6 regions of Texas?

Answer 19

West Texas Plains, The Border, Central Texas, North Texas, East Texas, The Gulf Coast

Question 20

We lead the nation in what animals?

Answer 20

Cattle, sheep, goats, wool, and mohair

Question 21

Texas leads the country in what exported item?

Answer 21

Cotton

Question 22

What is the nations tenth largest producer based in East Texas?

Answer 22

Timber

Question 23

What is hydraulic fracking?

Answer 23

Method of extracting oil and natural gas involves forcing open fissures In subterranean rocks by introducing liquid at high pressure

Question 24

What ranks second in product toon in the U.S?

Answer 24

Agriculture

Question 25

Implied powers?

Answer 25

Used to expand the National governments authority

Question 26

Delegated powers?

Answer 26

Specific powers entrusted to the national government by Article 2 section 8 of the U.S Constitution

Question 27

Reserved powers

Answer 27

Powers reserved to the states or to the people, police power, taxing power, proprietary power, power of eminent domain

Question 28

Avery vs. Midland County?

Answer 28

Precincts must be substantially equal population as mandated by the one person, one vote ruling

Question 29

Extraterritorial jurisdiction?

Answer 29

1963 legislature that have limited authority outside their city boundaries, ended in 2019

Question 30

Home rule cities?

Answer 30

City of more than 5,000 people which a locally drafted charter adopted

Question 31

General law cities?

Answer 31

Population of 201 or more adopting a charter enacted by Texas legislature

Question 32

Recall?

Answer 32

Provides a process for removing elected officials through a popular vote

Question 33

Initiative?

Answer 33

Citizen drafted measure proposed by a specified number of percentage of qualified voters. If approved an initiative becomes law

Question 34

Referendum?

Answer 34

Approves or repeals an existing ordinance

Question 35

Federal system?

Answer 35

Lies in the relationship between the U.S govt and the govt of the 50 states

Question 36

What is dillons rule?

Answer 36

The Dillon Rule is the principal that local government only exercises (1) powers expressly granted by the state, (2) powers necessarily and fairly implied from the grant of power, and (3) powers crucial to the existence of local government.

Question 37

What is the sales tax in Texas?

Answer 37

6.25%

Question 38

What is political socialization?

Answer 38

Political socialization is the process by which individuals learn and frequently internalize a political lens framing their perceptions of how power is arranged and how the world around them is (and should be) organized;

Question 39

What is corporate tax?

Answer 39

A corporate tax, also called corporation tax or company tax, is a direct tax imposed on the income or capital of corporations or analogous legal entities.

Question 40

What is unitary government?

Answer 40

Unitary government is a kind of government system in which a single power, which is known. as the central government, controls the whole government

Question 41

Baker vs Carr?

Answer 41

Baker v. Carr (1962) is the U.S. Supreme Court case that held that federal courts could hear cases alleging that a state’s drawing of electoral boundaries, i.e. redistricting, violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution.

Question 42

Eminent domain?

Answer 42

the right of a government or its agent to expropriate private property for public use, with payment of compensation.

Question 43

Devolution?

Answer 43

the transfer or delegation of power to a lower level, especially by central government to local or regional administration.

Question 44

3 local governments in Texas?

Answer 44

There are three basic types of local govern- ments in Texas—city, county, and special districts.