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pysch chapters 1-4 > chapter 1-4 > Flashcards

chapter 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

what did benjamin spock teach?

A

no excessive demands on children

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2
Q

what did John b Watson teach?

A

Rigid feeding and toilet training schedules.

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3
Q

who said rigidity ensures that children will become emotionally “hard”

A

John B watson

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4
Q

study of genetic contributions to behavior or traits

A

behavior genetics

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5
Q

affects a broad range of behaviors

A

heredity

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6
Q

context in which each child develops

A

ecology

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7
Q

scientist that talks abiut ecology

A

Urie bronfenbrenner

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8
Q

world is made up of independent people whose achievements and responsibilities are individual not collective

A

individualism

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9
Q

emphasis on group identity, sharing, and group decision- making

A

collectivism

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10
Q

behavior is governed by unconscious as well as conscious processes.

A

pyschoanalytic theories

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11
Q

scientist that talks about pyschosexual stages

A

sigmund freud

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12
Q

talks about psychosocial stages

A

eric erikson

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13
Q

talks about how nature of the human organism is to adapt to its environment

A

jean piaget

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14
Q

talks about complex forms of thinking have their origins in social interactions

A

lev vygotsky

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15
Q

talks about classical conditioning

A

Ivan pavlov

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16
Q

process in which teachers model or demonstrate how to solve a problem

A

scaffolding

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17
Q

a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus

A

classical conditioning

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18
Q

discovered social cognitive theory

A

Albert Bandura

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19
Q

observational learning or modeling

A

social cognitive theory

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20
Q

extensive study of one culture based on observation

A

ethnography

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21
Q

protection of animal rights and human subjects

A

research ethics

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22
Q

5 rules of research ethics

A
  1. protection from harm
  2. informed consent
  3. confidentially
  4. knowledge of results
  5. protection from deception
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23
Q

when a ovum and sperm connect what do they make?

A

a zygote

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24
Q

process of making a zygote

A

conception

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25
Q

how many pairs of chromosomes are there

A

23

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26
Q

what are ovums and sperms known as?

A

gametes

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27
Q

human chromosome that has the most problems

A

Human chromosome #20

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28
Q

toxins like smoking, alchol, heroine and marjuana

A

teratogens

29
Q

when the two sets of instructions are the same at any given locus

A

homozygous pair

30
Q

when the two sets of instructions are different at any given locus

A

heterozygous pair

31
Q

many genes blend together to increase

A

polygenic inheritance

32
Q

expression of traits that are influenced by both genes and environment

A

multifactorial patterns

33
Q

some genes are biochemically marked at the time ova and sperm develop

A

genomic imprinting

34
Q

genes passed only from mother to child

A

mitochondrial inheritance

35
Q

stages of prenatal development

A

germinal stage - embryonic stage - fetal stage

36
Q

the germinal stage is the

A

migration of the zygote

37
Q

embryonic stage is when

A

the foundation of all body orgabs are formed and all major organs and systems begin ti develop

38
Q

the fetus stage is

A

the refinement of all organ systems and age of viability

39
Q

rapid development of neurons between the 10th and 18th week of destation

A

neuronal proliferation

40
Q

the movement of neurons to specialized regions of the brain

A

neuronal migration

41
Q

diferences in prenatal development for boys and girls

A

girls slightly faster skeletal development

boys are slightly heavier and longer at birth and are more vulnerable to prenatal problems

42
Q

causes mild to severe intellectual disability

A

fragile X syndrome

43
Q

viral disease that has symptoms like mild measles

44
Q

substances that cause damage to embryo

A

teratogens

45
Q

the three stages of birth

A
  1. Dilation and effacement
  2. birth of the baby
  3. delivery of the placenta and umbilical cord (afterbirth)
46
Q

cesarean section is

A

a c section and a wat to deliver a child by cutting through the wall of the mother’s abdomen

47
Q

optimal birthweight is

A

6.6 to 11 pounds

48
Q

regulates breathing, heart and blood vessel function, digestion, sneezing and swallowing.

49
Q

portion of the central nervous system associated with vision hearing motor control sleep wake arousal and temperature regulation

50
Q

reflex when a child feels its falling

A

moro reflex

51
Q

when the baby close its fingers and toes when touched

A

babinski reflex

52
Q

sleeping with the child

A

cosleeping

53
Q

uncontrollable crying last for more than 3 hours per day disappears at 3-4 months

54
Q

development proceeds from head to toe

A

cephalocaudal

55
Q

development proceeds from trunk out towards the fingers

A

proximodistal

56
Q

baby organizes experiences into expectancies

A

schematic learning

57
Q

built up over many exposures to particular experiences

58
Q

inborn predisposition that form foundations of personality

A

temperament

59
Q

superior nutritionally

A

breast feeding

60
Q

death of a seemingly healthy baby in its sleep, due to an apparent spontaneous cessation of breathing

A

sudden infant death syndrome (sids)

61
Q

process of coating the axon of each neruon with a fatty coating called myelin

A

myellination

62
Q

fatty coating that protects the neuron and helps it conduct signals more efficiently

63
Q

two halves of the human brain are not exactly alike

A

lateralization

64
Q

ability to identify and act on relationships of objects in space

A

spatial perception

65
Q

ability to infer rules from and make predictions about the movements of objects in space

A

spatial cognition

66
Q

relating to the interrelation of social factors and individual thought and behavior

A

psychosocial

67
Q

relation of organisms to one another and their surroundings

68
Q

passing of physicla or mental characteristics genetically from generation to another

pysch chapters 1-4 (1 decks)

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