Chapter 1-4

Question 0

SAMPLING ERROR

Answer 0

The amount of error that exists between sample statistics and the population parameter

Question 1

What is POPULATION

Answer 1

Is the entire set of the individual of interest for a particular research questions.

Question 2

Statistics

Answer 2

Numerical value that describes a sample. A statistics is usually derived from measurement sin the population
1)Used to organize and summarize the information so that the researcher can see what happened in the study.
2)helped answer questions that initiated the research
Specific results obtained!

Question 3

Parameter

Answer 3

Is a value usually a numerical value, describes a POPULATION measurements of the individual in a population

Question 4

Correlational

Answer 4

Observe two different variable to see if they are related

Question 5

Experimental

Answer 5

Manipulate one variable (independent)
While measuring the other variable (dependent).

CAUSE AND EFFECT

Question 6

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

Answer 6

Stats procedures used to summarize, organize and simplify data

Question 7

Inferential statistics

Answer 7

Techniques to study SAMPLES and make generalization about the population.

Question 8

Nominal

Answer 8

Set of categories with different names (college majors)

It represents who you are

Question 9

Ordinal

Answer 9

Set of categories organized in order of magnitude or size

T shirts (S,M,L)

Question 10

Interval

Answer 10

Equal distances between numbers arbitrary zero point. (0 degrees F)

Question 11

Ratio

Answer 11

Interval scale with meaningful 0 point

Distance
Time

Question 12

Real limits

Answer 12

Infinite possibilities in between

2 upper limit is 2.5 lower limit 1.5

Question 13

How to make a frequency table?

Answer 13

Highest to lowest

—> frequency——> divide frequency with “N” to get proportion—-> multiply by 100

Question 14

Frequency distribution

Answer 14

Organized tabulation of the numbers of observations located in each category on the scale of measurement

Question 15

Set up a frequency table and calculate

Answer 15

Highest to lowest—>how frequent——>divide frequency with “N”—->proportion—>percentage

Question 16

Calculate ΣX from frequency table

Answer 16

“X” multiply with “f” then add the sums together.

Question 17

Calculate ΣX^2 from frequency table

Answer 17

Square the “X” ———>multiply by “f”——–>add everything together

Question 18

How many rows would you need for a range X=41 X=96

Answer 18

Range calculate

Highest- lowest +1 = range
DIVIDE BY
INTERVAL WIDTH

Is the number of intervals

Question 19

What graphs?

INTERVAL

Answer 19

Histogram and polygons

Question 20

What graph?

RATIO

Answer 20

Histogram a and polygons

Question 21

What graph?

NOMINAL

Answer 21

Bar graphs

Question 22

What graph?

ORDINAL

Answer 22

Bargraph

Question 23

What graph?

population

Answer 23

Smooth graph

Question 24

How can you tell positive skew and negative

Answer 24

The thumb points in the direction. Right hand positive Left hand negative

Question 25

Variability and how to measure

Answer 25

Tells us how much distance to expect from one score to another Range/ standard deviation/ variance How well represents in the entire distribution

Question 26

Calculate Deviation | POPULATION

Answer 26

Deviation= X — mean Tells us if the score is above or below the mean (— or +) Square root SS over N

Question 27

Calculate variance | POPULATION

Answer 27

Sum of squares divide by population(#)

Question 28

Calculate Sum of Squares (SS) | POPULATION

Answer 28

1) Find deviation score (X-mean) 2) square each deviation 3) add all Or 1) Square and Sum each score 2) find the sum ----->square it divide by "N" 3) subtract #2 from #1

Question 29

Another name for squared deviation

Answer 29

Average squared deviation

Question 30

Calculate standard deviation | POPULATION

Answer 30

Square root SS over N POPULATION

Question 31

Calculate variance then standard deviation | SAMPLE STATISTICS

Answer 31

SS over n-1

Question 32

Adding a constant what will happen

Answer 32

Mean change | SD: not changed

Question 33

Multiplying constant what will change

Answer 33

Mean change | SD change: multiply by constant

Question 34

Measure Central tendency

Answer 34

Mean Medium Mode More middle doesn't tell you how spread out

Question 35

Mean

Answer 35

Uses all scores Center if gravity Mew: population Sample:M

Question 36

Computational formula SS

Answer 36

1) Square each score and sum the squared scores 2) sum the normal scores, square it and divide it by "N" 3) subtract #2 from #1

Question 37

Population standard deviation Alternative description Equation

Answer 37

Square root of the population variance Square root SS/N

Question 38

Population variance Alternative description and equation

Answer 38

Mean squared deviation from the population mean Sum of the mean subtracted by X and then squared over N

Question 39

Sample standard deviation Alternative description Equation

Answer 39

A measure of the average distance from the sample means Root of SS over n-1

Question 40

Sample variance Description Equation

Answer 40

Mean squared deviation from the sample means A squared

Question 41

DISCRETE | Use what graph

Answer 41

Number of people Solid whole numbers Bar graph

Question 42

Continuous | What graph

Answer 42

Time/height/weight Real limits (Upper real vs Lower real) Histograms

Question 43

What are the scales if measurements

Answer 43

Ratio Nominal Ordinal interval