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ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY > Chapter 1-4 > Flashcards

Chapter 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

What structure generates ATP by oxidative phosphorylation?

A

The Mitochondria

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2
Q

This structure synthesizes proteins, what is it?

A

Ribsomes

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3
Q

This structure processes and packages proteins for delivery, what is it?

A

Golgi apparatus

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4
Q

This structure serves as a repository of genetic information it is the ……

A

Nucleus

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5
Q

This structure synthesizes steroid hormones and folds proteins , it is the ….

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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6
Q

this structure delivers proteins that are secreted to their destinations : it is a secretory…

A

vesicle

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7
Q

This structure contains digestive enzymes it is a ?

A

lysosome

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8
Q

This structure synthesizes ribosomes, it is the

A

nucleolus

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9
Q

What is the difference between a Eukaryote and a prokaryote?

A

A eukaryote has numerous organelles and a membrane surrounding it’s nucleus, but a prokaryote does not have organelles and its genetic materials do not contain a nucleus

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10
Q

What is the difference between the nucleus and the nucleolus?

A

The nucleolus is a small dense structure within the nucleus

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11
Q

What is the difference between microtubules and microfilaments?

A

Microtubules are small, single , rigid, unbranched protein tubes, but microfilaments are smaller more flexible fibrils of actin that usually occur in bundles. they both belong to the cytoskeleton.

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12
Q

What is the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic?

A

a hydrophilic substance attracts water, but a hydrophobic substance repels it.

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13
Q

What is the difference between a lysosome and a peroxisome?

A

lysosomes and peroxisomes contain different enzymes. lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down molecules to their component parts. Peroxisomes contain oxidative enzymes that are important in producing hydrogen peroxide and other reactive oxygen species

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14
Q

Proteins in the nucleus that bind DNA and help regulate its activity are called?

A

Histones

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15
Q

Cells such as neutrophils that use hydrogen peroxide as a defensive weapon synthesize it in their?

A

peroxisomes

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16
Q

a section of a membrane that is rich in cholesterol and helps organize membrane proteins is called a lipid ?

A

Raft

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17
Q

The cells that secrete the extracellular matrix are called ?

A

Fibroblast

18
Q

The mechanical force of water pushing against the cellular membrane is called ?

A

hydrostatic pressure

19
Q

An ________ solution has the same osmolality as normal body fluids

A

Isotonic

20
Q

In a simple epithelium, the epithelial cells are in contact with a ______membrane that provides support.

A

Basement

21
Q

_______Tissue is characterized by only a few cells surrounded by a lot of extracellular matrix.

A

Connective

22
Q

A myocyte is a _______ cell.

A

Muscle

23
Q

Name the order of events that occur during a neuronal action potential

A

sodium permeability increases
sodium ions move into the cell
potassium permeability increases
potassium ions leave the cell
resting membrane potential is reestablished.

24
Q

What are the phases of the normal cell cycle beginning with the phase that precedes DNA synthesis ?

A

G1 Phase
S phase
G2 phase
M phase

25
Q

The main difference between cells that divide rapidly and those that divide slowly is the time they spend in the _______ phase of the cell cycle

A

G1

26
Q

Cells develop specialized functions through the process of?

A

Differentiation

27
Q

A particle that is dissolved is called a ?

A

Solute

28
Q

Mitochondria need a lot of ______ to function normally

A

Oxygen

29
Q

During osmosis, ________ move across the cell membrane

A

Water Molecules

30
Q

__________ signals act on nearby cells by _____ through interstitial fluid.

A

Paracrine
Diffusion

31
Q

A cell that has insufficient oxygen supply will not be able to perform the chemistry of _________

A

The Krebs cycle

32
Q

______________can move substances against their concentration gradients

A

Active Transport

33
Q

Receptors are ______ that bind specific small molecules

A

Proteins

34
Q

ER stress occurs when unfolded or misfolded ______ accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum

A

proteins

35
Q

What is a Ligand

A

Ligand is a substance that binds to a receptor

36
Q

What is a Caveolae

A

Tiny flask shaped pits in the outer surface of the plasma membrane that may be important locations for receptors or for entry of molecules into the cell

37
Q

Mechanotransduction definition

A

Translating mechanical stimuli into biochemical signals

38
Q

Amphipathic Molecule

A

A molecule that has both a hydrophobic part and a hydrophilic part

39
Q

Endocytosis

A

In folding of the plasma membrane to form a vesicle that enters the cell

40
Q
A

ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (1 decks)

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