Chapter 1-4 Flashcards
What structure generates ATP by oxidative phosphorylation?
The Mitochondria
This structure synthesizes proteins, what is it?
Ribsomes
This structure processes and packages proteins for delivery, what is it?
Golgi apparatus
This structure serves as a repository of genetic information it is the ……
Nucleus
This structure synthesizes steroid hormones and folds proteins , it is the ….
endoplasmic reticulum
this structure delivers proteins that are secreted to their destinations : it is a secretory…
vesicle
This structure contains digestive enzymes it is a ?
lysosome
This structure synthesizes ribosomes, it is the
nucleolus
What is the difference between a Eukaryote and a prokaryote?
A eukaryote has numerous organelles and a membrane surrounding it’s nucleus, but a prokaryote does not have organelles and its genetic materials do not contain a nucleus
What is the difference between the nucleus and the nucleolus?
The nucleolus is a small dense structure within the nucleus
What is the difference between microtubules and microfilaments?
Microtubules are small, single , rigid, unbranched protein tubes, but microfilaments are smaller more flexible fibrils of actin that usually occur in bundles. they both belong to the cytoskeleton.
What is the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic?
a hydrophilic substance attracts water, but a hydrophobic substance repels it.
What is the difference between a lysosome and a peroxisome?
lysosomes and peroxisomes contain different enzymes. lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down molecules to their component parts. Peroxisomes contain oxidative enzymes that are important in producing hydrogen peroxide and other reactive oxygen species
Proteins in the nucleus that bind DNA and help regulate its activity are called?
Histones
Cells such as neutrophils that use hydrogen peroxide as a defensive weapon synthesize it in their?
peroxisomes
a section of a membrane that is rich in cholesterol and helps organize membrane proteins is called a lipid ?
Raft
The cells that secrete the extracellular matrix are called ?
Fibroblast
The mechanical force of water pushing against the cellular membrane is called ?
hydrostatic pressure
An ________ solution has the same osmolality as normal body fluids
Isotonic
In a simple epithelium, the epithelial cells are in contact with a ______membrane that provides support.
Basement
_______Tissue is characterized by only a few cells surrounded by a lot of extracellular matrix.
Connective
A myocyte is a _______ cell.
Muscle
Name the order of events that occur during a neuronal action potential
sodium permeability increases
sodium ions move into the cell
potassium permeability increases
potassium ions leave the cell
resting membrane potential is reestablished.
What are the phases of the normal cell cycle beginning with the phase that precedes DNA synthesis ?
G1 Phase
S phase
G2 phase
M phase
The main difference between cells that divide rapidly and those that divide slowly is the time they spend in the _______ phase of the cell cycle
G1
Cells develop specialized functions through the process of?
Differentiation
A particle that is dissolved is called a ?
Solute
Mitochondria need a lot of ______ to function normally
Oxygen
During osmosis, ________ move across the cell membrane
Water Molecules
__________ signals act on nearby cells by _____ through interstitial fluid.
Paracrine
Diffusion
A cell that has insufficient oxygen supply will not be able to perform the chemistry of _________
The Krebs cycle
______________can move substances against their concentration gradients
Active Transport
Receptors are ______ that bind specific small molecules
Proteins
ER stress occurs when unfolded or misfolded ______ accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum
proteins
What is a Ligand
Ligand is a substance that binds to a receptor
What is a Caveolae
Tiny flask shaped pits in the outer surface of the plasma membrane that may be important locations for receptors or for entry of molecules into the cell
Mechanotransduction definition
Translating mechanical stimuli into biochemical signals
Amphipathic Molecule
A molecule that has both a hydrophobic part and a hydrophilic part
Endocytosis
In folding of the plasma membrane to form a vesicle that enters the cell
