Chapter 1-4

Question 1

Two Sociological Twos

Answer 1

Critical Thinking (Ryan Niellis)
&
Sociological Imagination (C. Wright Mills)

Question 2

Critical Thinking (Ryan Niellis) ***

Answer 2

Ability to ask any question within reason, to give any answer that can be justified, and to do so by leaving all prejudice and bias aside.

Question 3

Sociological Imagination (C. Wright Mills) ***

Answer 3

Ability to understand the relationship between individual occurrences of the society at large.

Question 4

4 Types of truths

Answer 4

1. Faith/Belief
2. Recognized Experts
3. An agreement by all people
4. Science

Question 5

Reliability

Answer 5

Consistency in the findings

Question 6

Validity

Answer 6

Actually measuring exactly what you intend to find

Question 7

Validity & Reliability

Answer 7

Need both to move forward with scientific tests

Question 8

Correlation ***

Answer 8

A relationship in which two (or more) variables change together.
(ex. walking & the sole of shoes wearing down)

Question 9

Hypothesis

Answer 9

Educated Guess

Question 10

Hawthorne Effect

Answer 10

A change in a subjects behavior caused simply by the awareness of being studied.

Question 11

Theory

Answer 11

A set of logically interrelated statements that attempt to describe, explain, or predict social events.

Question 12

Inductive Reasoning ***

Answer 12

Begins with research that yields a theory
(ex. In the past, ducks have always come to our pond. Therefore, the ducks will come to our pond this summer)

Question 13

Deductive Reasoning ***

Answer 13

The research begins with a theory
(ex. All spiders have eight legs. A tarantula is a spider. Therefore, tarantulas have eight legs)

Question 14

Inductive & Deductive Reasoning

Answer 14

Approaches to Research

Question 15

Quantitative Research

Answer 15

Uses data, figures and calculations to come up with findings.

Question 16

Qualitative Research

Answer 16

Uses narratives to study the subjects and present procedures to come up with findings.

Question 17

Primary Data

Answer 17

Gathered directly from the source
(ex. birth/death dates)

Question 18

Secondary Data

Answer 18

Information that is secured from a second, third or fourth source down the road
(ex. We did not collect the information ourselves)

Question 19

Research Methods (Collecting Information)

Answer 19

1. Questionnaires
2. Interviews
3. Focus Groups
4. Surveys

Question 20

Questionnaires

Answer 20

Series of written questions a researcher presents

Question 21

Interviews

Answer 21

Series of questions a researcher asks a respondent in person.

Question 22

Focus Groups

Answer 22

Community residents pulled together to answer questions pertaining to a certain common ground subject.

Question 23

Norms

Answer 23

Unwritten rules and regulations that govern our behaviors

Question 24

Mores

Answer 24

A set of moral or customs derived from generally accepted practices.
(ex. Derives from social practices rather than law)

Question 25

Eurocentrism

Answer 25

The dominance of European (especially English) cultural patterns with a society.

Question 26

Counter Culture

Answer 26

Cultural patterns that strongly oppose the widely accepted within a society

Question 27

3 Causes of Culture Change

Answer 27

1. Invention
2. Discovery
3. Diffusion

Question 28

Theoretical Perspective on Culture

Answer 28

1. Structural Perspective
2. Social-Conflict Perspective
3. Feminist Perspective
4. Sociological Perspective

Question 29

Structural Perspective

Answer 29

Complex system with many moving parts.

Question 30

Social-Conflict Perspective

Answer 30

Out culture and values represent competitive and conflicting interests that are responsible for stresses, inequities and social discord.

Question 31

Feminist Perspective

Answer 31

Highlights how culture is gendered, dividing activities between the sexes in ways that give men great power and privilege.

Question 32

Sociological Perspective

Answer 32

Atomic, biological, genetic differences and how it affects how we create culture.

Question 33

Auguste Compte

Answer 33

The Father of Sociology

Question 34

Culture

Answer 34

The ways of thinking, acting, and the material objects that together form a people’s way of life.

Question 35

Society

Answer 35

A group of people who interact in a defined territory and who share a culture.

Question 36

Nation

Answer 36

A political entity that has defined territory.

Question 37

What is the United States?

Answer 37

Both and nation and society; has borders and presents a culture in a defined territory.

Question 38

Does the U.S. have more than one culture?

Answer 38

Yes, there are over 300 languages spoken in the U.S.

Question 39

Sapir-Whorf Theory

Answer 39

People see and understand the world through the cultural lens of language.

Question 40

Values

Answer 40

Standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, and beautiful that serve as broad guidelines for social living.

Question 41

Surveys

Answer 41

Collects data from respondents through a series of questions by interview or questionnaire