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older adult > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

holistic improvement of health including physical, medical, emotional and spiritual well being

A

gerontology

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2
Q

what is the nursing goal of gerontology

A

live longer and live better

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3
Q

young-old

A

ages 65-74

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4
Q

middle-old

A

ages 75-84

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5
Q

old-old

A

ages 85+

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6
Q

changes in lungs

A

maximum breathing capacity may decline by 40% between ages 40-70

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7
Q

primary prevention/health promotion

A

educate about health lifestyle, injury prevention, nutritional assessment, avoid tobacco, moderate alcohol, limit carcinogens

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8
Q

secondary prevention AKA

A

early dx & tx

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9
Q

examples of secondary prevention

A

screening & assessment, referrals for further testing, disease cure and tx to prevent progression

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10
Q

tertiary prevention AKA

A

restoration & rehab

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11
Q

examples of tertiary prevention

A

multidisciplinary rehab, short-term placement in rehab facility, aids/services to increase independence (walker, cane, home health aid)

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12
Q

do men or women live longer

A

women

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13
Q

are men or women more likely to be widowed

A

women

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14
Q

do more women or more men live in poverty

A

women

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15
Q

why do women live longer

A

men are exposed to more risk factors (tobacco, alcohol, occupational hazards)

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16
Q

2 highest causes of death

A

heart disease & malignant neoplasms

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17
Q

what causes more than 2/3 of all deaths each year (5)

A

heart disease, cancer, stroke, COPD, diabetes

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18
Q

being old means being sick, older people are set in their ways/cannot learn new things, health is wasted on older people, older adults do not pull their own weight and are a drain on societal resources, older people are isolated & lonely, older people have no interest in sex

A

myths of aging

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19
Q

a range of nursing functions that are differentiated according to the level of practice, the role of the nurse, and the work setting

A

ANA scope of practice

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20
Q

purpose of the scope/standards of practice

A

evaluate and guide practice

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21
Q

the 3 elements of the scope of practice

A

quality, safety, evidence

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22
Q

the formal process by which clinical competence is validated in a specialty area of practice

A

certification

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23
Q

advanced practice nurses have what degree

A

master’s

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24
Q

the nurse should use what when establishing goals of care

A

measurable verbs

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25
Q

medicaid supports who

A

low income individuals

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26
Q

medicaid is based off of what

A

financial income and number of people living in home

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27
Q

medicare supports who

A

the elderly and younger people with disabilities

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28
Q

part A medicare covers

A

hospitalizations & hospice

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29
Q

part B medicare covers

A

office visits, labs, durable equipment

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30
Q

part D medicare covers

A

prescriptions

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31
Q

a multidimensional pattern of self-initiated actions and perceptions that serve to maintain or enhance the level of wellness, self-actualization and fulfillment of the individual

A

health promotion

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32
Q

variables affecting holistic geriatric assessment

A
  • evaluation of environment
  • accuracy of health hx
  • social hx
  • psychological hx
  • home environment
  • culture & education
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33
Q

what method of pain mgmt should be used first

A

least invasive

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34
Q

what to do if pt experiences breakthrough pain

A

notify provider

35
Q

nonopioid analgesics

A

NSAIDS, acetaminophen, tramadol

36
Q

doses of acetaminophen should not exceed

A

3000 mg per day

37
Q

NSAIDS

A

aspirin & ibuprofen

38
Q

cox-2 inhibitors are a class of what

A

NSAIDs

39
Q

cox-2 inhibitors are associated with what

A

adverse CV events

40
Q

opioid analgesics

A

morphine, fentanyl

41
Q

how long does it take for fentanyl patch to work

A

24-36 hours

42
Q

opioid analgesics that are not used

A

meperidine and propoxyphene

43
Q

constipation, sedation, respiratory depression, N/V, myoclonus, pruritis all examples of what

A

adverse effects of pain meds

44
Q

sedation should subside in how long

A

24-48 hours

45
Q

ways to tell if someone with dementia is in pain

A

facial expression, verbalization/vocalization, body movements, changes in interactions, changes in activity/routines, mental status changes

46
Q

ARMD

A

age related macular degeneration

47
Q

leading cause of blindness in adults >65

A

ARMD

48
Q

affects central vision

A

scotoma (ARMD)

49
Q

require more light

A

ARMD and cataracts

50
Q

dark spot in center of visual field

A

ARMD

51
Q

tx for ARMD

A

laser therapy, injections, dietary changes

52
Q

age above 50, ciggs, family hx, increased exposure to UV lights, caucasian, light colored eyes, HTN, CV disease, lack of dietary intake of antioxidants and zinc

A

risk factors for ARMD

53
Q

lack of intake of antioxidants and zinc

A

risk factor for ARMD

54
Q

having light colored eyes and being caucasian puts you at a higher risk for what

A

ARMD

55
Q

opacities of the lens of the eye

A

cataracts

56
Q

a decrease in light filtration and vision causing blurry vision and halos

A

cataracts

57
Q

halos are seen in what

A

cataracts

58
Q

difficulty contrasting colors

A

cataracts

59
Q

increased age, smoking & alcohol, obesity, diabetes, HTN, high cholesterol, trauma to the eye, previous eye surgery, exposure to the sun, long term corticosteroid use, caucasian

A

risk factors for cataracts

60
Q

long term corticosteroid use may lead to what

A

cataracts

61
Q

tx of cataracts

A

surgery

62
Q

encourage what in cataract pt

A

antioxidants, vitamins E & C

63
Q

optic nerve damage secondary to increased IOP

A

glaucoma

64
Q

increased IOP, older than 60, family hx, personal history of myopia, diabetes, HTN, migraines, AA

A

risk factors for glaucoma

65
Q

tx of glaucoma

A

meds to decrease IOP, laser surgery

66
Q

teach these pts how to administer eyedrops properly

A

glaucoma pts

67
Q

damage to ocular microvascular system

A

diabetic retinopathy

68
Q

prevention of diabetic retinopathy

A

monitor glucose, BP, cholesterol; educate about diabetes, nutrition, and exercise

69
Q

tx of diabetic retinopathy

A

laser therapy

70
Q

hypogeusia

A

diminished sense of taste

71
Q

xerostomia

A

dryness of the mouth, distorts taste sensation

72
Q

assess for taste disturbances

A

mucous membranes (dryness, ulcers, yeast), teeth/dentures (fit), foods they enjoy

73
Q

how to prevent dry mouth

A

sugar free candy, mints, gum, oral lubricants, encourage fluids

74
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

r/t problem in the middle or external ear, tympanic membrane, or bones in the ear

75
Q

conductive hearing loss can be result of

A

ear infection, impacted cerumen, benign tumor, FB, perforation of TM

76
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

problems within the inner ear

77
Q

sensorineural hearing loss can be result of

A

damage to ear drum due to excessive noise, tumors, and infections

78
Q

hyposmia

A

diminished sense of smell caused by a reduced number of sensory cells & neurotransmitters/injury to mucosa

79
Q

is a dysfunction in taste or smell more common

A

smell

80
Q

9 D’s of wt loss

A

dementia, depression, disease, dysfunction, dysphagia, dentition problems, diarrhea, drugs, dysgeusia

81
Q

failure to thrive is AKA

A

cachexia

82
Q

unintentional wt loss is defined as

A

5% wt loss in 1 month of 10% in 6 months

83
Q

3 categories of wt loss

A

insufficient intake, iatrogenic practices (from meds, NPO, certain diets), nutrient losses (during absorption or metabolism, fever, alcohol)

84
Q

SENSE pneumonic

A

S: safety maintained at all times
E: environment allows for independence
N: nursing process used
S: stigmas can be dangerous, treat pts as individuals w/ unique needs
E: etiology of a condition that the elder believes is normal may be detected during assessment

older adult (1 decks)

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