Chapter 1

Question 1

Descriptive Statistics

Answer 1

methods of organizing, summarizing, and presenting data in an informative way

Question 2

Inferential Statistics

Answer 2

a decision, estimate, prediction, or generalization about a population based on a sample

Question 3

What may a population also consist of?

Answer 3

-individuals -objects

Question 4

Population

Answer 4

Question 5

Sample

Answer 5

is a portion, or part, of the population of interest

Question 6

Does a population have to be large?

Answer 6

NO! but it can be -it can be 5 employees

Question 7

Qualitative or Attribute Variable

Answer 7

-characteristic being studied is nonnumeric

Question 8

Quantitative Variable

Answer 8

information is reported numerically

Question 9

How can quantitative be classified?

Answer 9

discrete or continuous

Question 10

Classify: Quantitative or Qualitative? Marital Status/Hair Color

Answer 10

Qualitative

Question 11

Classify: Quantitative or Qualitative? Income/Number of Vehicles

Answer 11

Quantitative

Question 12

Discrete Variables

Answer 12

can assume certain values and there are usually “gaps” between values

Question 13

Continuous Variable

Answer 13

can assume any value within a specified range

Question 14

Classify: Continuous or Discrete Children in a Family/ Strokes on a Golf Course/ TV Sets Owned

Answer 14

Discrete

Question 15

Classify: Continuous or Discrete Income Tax Paid/ Weight of a Student/Yearly rainfall in a City

Answer 15

Continuous

Question 16

Nominal Level

Answer 16

-data that is classified into categories and cannot be arranged in any particular order

Question 17

Properties of Nominal Level

Answer 17

-observations of a qualitative variable can only be classified and counted -there is no particular order to the labels

Question 18

Ordinal Level

Answer 18

-data arranged in some order but the differences between data values cannot be determined or are meaningless

Question 19

Properties of Ordinal Level

Answer 19

-data classifications are represented by sets of labels or names( high, medium, or low) that have relative values -because of the relative values, the data classified can be ranked or ordered

Question 20

Interval Level

Answer 20

Similar to the ordinal level, with the additional property that meaningful amounts of differences between data values can be determined. There is no natural zero point.

Question 21

Properties of Interval Level

Answer 21

-Data classifications are ordered according to the amount of the characteristic they possess -equal differences in the characteristic are represented by equal differences in the measurements

Question 22

Ratio Level

Answer 22

the interval level with an inherent zero starting point. Differences and ratios are meaningful for this level of measurement

Question 23

Properties of Ratio Level

Answer 23

-ordered according to the amount of the characteristic they posses -equal differences in the characteristic are represented by equal differences in the numbers assigned to the classifications -the zero point is the absence of the characteristic and the ratio between two numbers is meaningful -practically all quantitative data is recorded on the ratio level of measurement. Ratio level is the “highest” level of measurement.

Question 24

What is the highest level of measurement?

Answer 24

Ratio

Question 25

Do the levels of measurement in order?

Answer 25

-nominal -ordinal -interval -ratio

Question 26

Statistics

Answer 26

the science of collecting,organizing,presenting, analyzing, and interpreting data to assist in making more effective decisions

Question 27

Qualitative uses what levels and what is it the result of ?

Answer 27

-nominal and ordinal -and is the result of counts

Question 28

Quantitative uses what levels and is the result of what?

Answer 28

-can use either interval or ratio -has natural order