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Chemistry 111 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Theory

A

A hypothesis that has been proven by experiments

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2
Q

Atom

A

Smallest possible particle of a substance atomos meaning “uncuttable”

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3
Q

Molecules

A

A combination of two of more atoms held together in a specific shape by attractive forces.

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4
Q

Element

A

Substance that contains only one type of atom

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5
Q

Compound

A

A chemical compound Is a substance that contains more than one element.

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6
Q

Give an example of a Chemical Formula

A

Ex. H2O

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7
Q

Metals

A

All elements in the left and central region of the periodic table are metals (except for hydrogen).

Good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable and ductile.

All metals are solid at room temperature (except Mercury = liquid)

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8
Q

Non-Metals

A

Found in the upper right corner of the periodic table. Most non-metals are poor conductors of electricity and heat.

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9
Q

Metalloids

A

There are six elements that are classified as metalloids (B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te). These lie along a diagonal cutting across the table between the metals and the non-metals.these dull appearing, brittle solids and sometimes called semi-conductors, they conduct electricity better than nonmetals, but not as well as metals.

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10
Q

Mixture

A

Contains two of more chemical substances

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11
Q

Homogeneous

A

All parts of a sample have the same composition

Pure elements and pure chemical compounds are homogeneous.

A homogeneous mixture is called a solution

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12
Q

Solution

A

A homogeneous mixture

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13
Q

Heterogeneous

A

When the composition varies from place to place

Ex. Quartz a chemical compound of silicone and oxygen with a vein of gold.

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14
Q

Chemical transformation

A

Produces a new substance

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15
Q

Hypothesis

A

A prediction that must be confirmed.

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16
Q

Precision

A

Exactness of a measurement

17
Q

Accuracy

A

How close a measurement is to the true value

18
Q

Sig Fig Rules

A
  • nonzero digits are significant
  • zeros between nonzero digits are significant
  • zeros at the end of a decimal number are significant
  • all digits in coefficient of a number in scientific notation are significant
  • leading zeros are not significant
  • zeros used as placeholders in measurements without decimal points are not significant
19
Q

Why does ice float in water?

A

Ice floats in water because ice is less dense than liquid water. Molecules are packed more orderly and symmetrically in ice than liquid water.

This is not true for all substances!

20
Q

Element with Non-English Roots

A 
Antimony  Sb
Copper     Cu
Gold         Au
Iron           Fe
Lead         Pb
Mercury    Hg
Potassium K
Silver         Ag
Sodium     Na
Tin             Sn
Tungsten   W
21
Q

Solid

A

Definite volume
Definite shape that cannot easily be changed
A condensed phase
Molecules move slowly

22
Q

Liquid

A

Definite volume
No definite shape (takes the shape of the container)
A condensed phase
Molecules move slowly

23
Q

Gas

A

No constant volume
No specific shape: expands or contracts as its container expands or contracts
Molecules move quickly

24
Q

Precision

A

Exactness of a measurement

25
Q

Accuracy

A

How close a measurement is to the true value

26
Q

Sig Fig Rules

A
  • nonzero digits are significant
  • zeros between nonzero digits are significant
  • zeros at the end of a decimal number are significant
  • all digits in coefficient of a number in scientific notation are significant
  • leading zeros are not significant
  • zeros used as placeholders in measurements without decimal points are not significant
27
Q

Extensive

A

Properties that do depend on the amount of matter present.

Mass, volume, length, weight, total charge

28
Q

Intensive

A

Independent of the amount of matter.

Ex. Density, color, temperature

Chemistry 111 (4 decks)

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