Chapter 1 Flashcards
Ionic bonds
Bond forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another
Covalent Bonds
Bond forms when electrons are shared
Nonpolar colavent bonds
Bond formed when electrons are shared equally. Diatomic molecules (O2, H2)
Polar covalent bonds
bond formed when electrons are not shared equally. H20.
heat capacity
the degree to which subject changes temperature with response to addition/loss of heat
Cohesion
attraction of like substances
Adhesion
attraction of unlike substances. think velcro
Polymer
a polymer consist of repeated monomers
glycosidic linkage
links monosacharrides to make a disaccharide. Water molecule is lost during the formation of this bond
Monosaccharide
simple unit of sugars
polysaccharide
repeating monosacharide units.
examples- starch, glycogen, celluclose, chitin
lipids
triglycerides, phospholipid, steriods
triglycerids
think fats. Made up of 3 fatty acids + glycerol
Phospholipid
2 fatty acids + glycerol + phosphate
steriods
4 Carbon ring.
Ex. cholesterol, hormones (estrogen+ testosterone)
Protein
made up of amino acids. linked by peptide bonds
primary structure
order of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
secondary structure
3D shape. formed by hydrogen bonding between amino and carboxyl groups.
Produces alpha helix and beta sheets
tertiary structure
3D shape. Dominate structure of the proteins. Includes hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding, hydrophobic effect, and disulfide bonds
quartenary structure
protein that has 2 or more separate peptide chains
DNA
include deoxyribose, nitrogen base, and phosphate group
4 nitrogen bases for DNA
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
cofactors
non protein that assist enzumes
cooperativity
enzyme becomes more receptive to additional substrate molecules after one molecule attaches to the active site.
