Chapter 1

Question 1

Globalization

Answer 1

The increasing interdependence of citizens and nations across the world.

Question 2

Government

Answer 2

The legitimate use of force to control human behavior; also, the organization or agency authorized to exercise that force.

Question 3

National Sovereignty

Answer 3

“A political entity’s externally recognized right to exercise final authority over its affairs.”

Question 4

order

Answer 4

Established ways of social behavior. Maintaining order is the oldest purpose of government

Question 5

Liberalism

Answer 5

The belief that states should leave individuals free to follow their individual pursuits. Note that this differs from the definition of liberal later in this chapter

Question 6

Communism

Answer 6

A political system in which, in theory, ownership of all land and productive facilities is in the hands of the people, and all goods are equally shared. The production and distribution of goods are controlled by an authoritarian government

Question 7

public goods

Answer 7

Benefits and Services, such as parks and sanitation, that benefit all citizens but are not likely to be produced voluntarily by individuals

Question 8

Freedom of

Answer 8

An absence of constraints on behavior, as in freedom of speech or freedom of religion

Question 9

Freedom from

Answer 9

Immunity, as in freedom from want

Question 10

Police Power

Answer 10

The authority of a government to maintain order and safeguard citizens’ health, morals, safety, and welfare.

Question 11

Political equality

Answer 11

Equality in political decision making: one vote per person, with all votes counted equally

Question 12

Social equality

Answer 12

Equality in wealth, education, and status

Question 13

Equality of opportunity

Answer 13

The idea that each person is guaranteed the same chance to succeed in life

Question 14

Equality of outcome

Answer 14

The concept that society must ensure that people are equal, and governments must redistribute wealth and status so that economic and social equality is actually achieved

Question 15

rights

Answer 15

The benefits of government to which every citizen is entitled

Question 16

Political ideology

Answer 16

A consistent set of values and beliefs about the proper purpose and scope of government

Question 17

Totalitarianism

Answer 17

A political philosophy that advocates unlimited power for the government to enable it to control all sectors of society

Question 18

Socialism

Answer 18

A form of rule in which the central government plays a strong role in regulating existing private industry and directing the economy, although it does allow some private ownership of productive capacity

Question 19

Democratic socialism

Answer 19

A socialist form of government that guarantees civil liberties such as freedom of speech and religion. Citzens determine the extent of government activity through free elections and competitive political parties

Question 20

Capitalism

Answer 20

The system of government that favors free enterprise (privately owned businesses operating without government regulation).

Question 21

Libertarianism

Answer 21

A political ideology that is opposed to all government action except as necessary to protect life and property

Question 22

Libertarians

Answer 22

Those who are opposed to using government to promote either order or equality

Question 23

Laissez faire

Answer 23

An economic doctrine that opposes any form of government intervention is business

Question 24

Anarchism

Answer 24

A political philosophy that opposes government in any form

Question 25

Conservatives

Answer 25

Those who are willing to use government to promote order but not equality

Question 26

Liberals

Answer 26

Those who are willing to use government to promote equality but not order

Question 27

Communitarians

Answer 27

Those who are willing to use government to promote both order and equality