Chapter 1

Question 1

Statistics

Answer 1

is the science of data. It involves collecting, classifying, summarizing, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting numerical and categorical information

Question 2

Descriptive statistics

Answer 2

utilizes numerical and graphical methods to explore data….to look for patterns in a data set to summarize the information revealed in a data set, and to present the information in a convenient form

Question 3

Inferential Statistics

Answer 3

utilizes sample data to make estimates, decisions, predictions, or other generalizations about a larger set of data

Question 4

Experimental(or observational unit)

Answer 4

is an object (e.g. person, thing, transaction, or event) upon which we collect data

Question 5

Population

Answer 5

is a set of units ( usually people, objects, transactions, or events) that we are interested in studying

Question 6

Variable

Answer 6

is a characteristic or property of an individual experimental (or observational) unit

Question 7

Sample

Answer 7

is a subset of the units of a population

Question 8

Statistical inference

Answer 8

is an estimate or prediction or some other generalization about a population based on information contained in a sample

Question 9

Four Elements of Descriptive Statistical Problems

Answer 9

• the population or sample of interest
  -one or more variables that are to be investigated
  (characteristics of the population or experimental units)
• tables, graphs, or numerical summary tools
• identification of patterns in the data

Question 10

Five Elements of Inferential Statistical Problems

Answer 10

• the population of interest
• one or more variables to be investigated
• the sample of population units
• the inference about the population based on information contained in the sample
• measure of reliability for the sample

Question 11

Sample

Answer 11

any set of output (objects or numbers) produced by a process

Question 12

Quantitative Data

Answer 12

are measurements that are recorded on a naturally occurring numerical scale

Question 13

Qualitative Data

Answer 13

are measurements that cannot be measured on a natural numerical scale; they can only be classified into one of a group of categories

Question 14

Representative Data

Answer 14

exhibits characteristics of those possessed by the population of interest

Question 15

Simple Random Sample

Answer 15

of n experimental units is a sample selected from the population in such a way that every different sample of size n has an equal chance of selection

Question 16

Selection Bias

Answer 16

results when a subset of experimental units in the population has little or no chance of being selected for the sample

Question 17

Non response bias

Answer 17

is a type of selection bias that results when data on all experiments units in a sample are not obtained