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Ncsf Key Terms > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Neutral spine

A

Small lordotic curve at base of neck
Small kyphotic at middle back
Small lordotic at low back

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1
Q

Osteopenia

A

Bone mineral density lower then normal peak bed but not low enough to be classified as osteoporosis

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2
Q

Kyphosis

A

Convex (outward) curvature of upper spine (hunchback)

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3
Q

Lordosis

A

Anterior curvature of the spine causing a swayback appearance

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4
Q

Radial deviation

A

Hand moves towards thumb bending at wrist in frontal plane

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5
Q

Rotation

A

The turning if a structure around it’s long axis

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6
Q

Horizontal adduction

A

Movement towards the midline in the transverse plane

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7
Q

Horizontal abduction

A

Movement away from the midline in the transverse plane

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8
Q

Depression

A

Inferior movement of the bone

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9
Q

Elevation

A

Superior movement of the bone

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10
Q

Eversion

A

Ankle- plantar surface faces laterally

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11
Q

Pronation

A

Unique rotation of the forearm crossing radius and ulna. Palm faces posterior

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12
Q

Superficial

A

Shallow proximity in relation to the surface

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13
Q

Lateral

A

Situated it extending away from the midline of the body

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14
Q

Proximal

A

Situated nearest to point of attachment or origin

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15
Q

Medial

A

At in it near the center

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16
Q

Posterior

A

Behind/back

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17
Q

Anterior

A

Front

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18
Q

Distal

A

Situated farthest from point of attachment or origin

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19
Q

Midaxillary line

A

Perpendicular line downward from apex of the axilla

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20
Q

Anterior anxillary line

A

Crease of the Scilla (underarm)

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21
Q

Contra lateral

A

Opposite sides of the body

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22
Q

Midline

A

Cuts you into left and right sides

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23
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On/relating to same sides of the body

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24
Q

Anatomical position

A

Facing forward, feet parallel, arms addicted and supinated, palms forward

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25
Q

Internal rotation

A

Hip/shoulder- bone rotated towards the body

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26
Q

External rotation

A

Bone (at shoulder or hip) is rotated away from body in anatomical position

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27
Q

Ulnar deviation

A

In anatomical position, hand moves medically toward little finger in frontal plane like an upside down wave at the wrist

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28
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward midline

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29
Q

Inversion

A

Ankle- plantar faces medially

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30
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from midline

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31
Q

Dorsi flexion

A

Ball of foot towards shin

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32
Q

Retraction

A

Movement back to anterior position

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33
Q

Flexion

A

To bend. Hinge joints- bones move closer

Ball and socket- limb moves anterior to midaxillary line

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34
Q

Supination

A

Rotation of forearm

Radius/ulna uncross. Palms face anteriorly

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35
Q

Deep

A

Deep

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36
Q

Protraction

A

Movement of a structure towards the anterior surface in a straight horizontal line

37
Q

Lateral flexion

A

Spinal movement to the left or right occurs at the neck and trunk

38
Q

Extension

A

To straighten
Hinge joints move away from each other
Ball and socket joint- limb moves posterior to midaxillary line

39
Q

Teres minor

A

Above trees major, posterior, low portion of shoulder girdle

40
Q

Teres major

A

Low part of shoulder girdle, posterior

41
Q

Posterior pelvic tilt

A

Butt-wink, bee sting

42
Q

Anterior pelvic tilt

43
Q

Intervertebral disc

A

Fibrocartilaginous disc cushion between vertebrae

44
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Foot towards plantar surface

45
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Irreversible decrease in mineralized bone tissue

46
Q

Appositional growth

A

Growth by addition of new layers on top of existing layers of mineral. Rigid bony growth

47
Q

Endochondral

A

Process of bone function whereby cartilage model is replaced by bone

48
Q

Tropomyosin

A

Muscle proteins that bind to actin and troponin, and regulate the interaction of actin and myosin

49
Q

Troponin

A

A protein in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Relays calcium sensitivity to muscle cells.

50
Q

Sarcomere

A

Smallest functional unit of a muscle fiber, composed of contractile filaments

51
Q

Neuromuscular junction

A

Where nerve impulses are transmitted to muscles

52
Q

Action potential

A

Wave like change in electrical properties of a cel membrane, resulting from difference in electrical charge between inner and outer sides of membrane, causing muscle cell to contract

53
Q

Endomysium

A

The fire connective tissue sheath surrounding a muscle fiber

54
Q

Sarcolemma

A

A thin polarized membrane enclosing a striated muscle fiber

55
Q

T-tubules

A

Tubule that passes transverse from sarcolemma across mood until, allows depolariZation of the membrane to quickly penetrate to the interior of the cell

56
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Storage for calcium within skeletal muscle. Surrounds each individual muscle fiber

57
Q

Capillaries

A

Tiny blood vessels throughout the body connecting arteries to veins- distribute oxygen, remove waste

58
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Striated muscle, movement

59
Q

Motor unit

A

A motor neuron and all of the corresponding muscle fibers it innervates

60
Q

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate

A

Major energy source within a cell

Drives muscle contractions/ protein synthesis

61
Q

Cross bridge

A

Myosin head that projects from thick filament and binds to thin filament in the presence of calcium ions

62
Q

Complete tetanus

A

Sustained muscle contraction due to repeated stimulation at a frequency which prevents relaxation

63
Q

Muscle tone

A

Unconscious nerve impulses that maintain the muscle in a partially contracted state

64
Q

Muscle spindles

A

Specializeduscle structure sends proprioceptive info about the muscle to central nervous system in response to muscle stretching

65
Q

Golgi tendon organs

A

Kinesthetic receptors situated near junction of upscale fibers and tendons which act as muscle tension regulators

66
Q

Concentric contraction

A

Muscles contract with enough force to overcome a resistive force and contract

67
Q

Eccentric contraction

A

When resistive force is greater then force applied by the muscle so the muscle lengthens

68
Q

Isometric contractions

A

Static contraction. Doesn’t move

69
Q

Type 2b fibers

A

Largest diameter muscle fiber

Anaerobic metabolism greatest maximum tension

70
Q

Type 2a fibers

A

Large diameter muscle fiber
Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism
High max tension

71
Q

Type 1 fibers

A

Smaller diameter muscle fiber
Aerobic metabolism
Lower maximum tension

72
Q

Myoglobin

A

Oxygen transporting protein of muscle (resembling blood hemoglobin function)

73
Q

Endocrine system

A

Body control system of glands, produce chemical regulatory hormones

74
Q

Distress

A

Negative stress

75
Q

Eustress

A

Positive stress beneficial to health

76
Q

Hormone receptors

A

Receptor protein of cell that binds to a specific hormone

77
Q

Target cell specificity

A

Hormones only influence cells with the right receptors

78
Q

Steroid

A

Biochemical lipids soluble in organic solvents (oils) slightly soluble in water

79
Q

Polypeptide

A

Small protein 10-100 amino acids in length

80
Q

Lipids

A

Organic molecules including fats, oils and waxes

81
Q

Ribosomes

A

Convert genetic info to protein molecules

82
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase in organ size to due increase in cell size, most often seen In muscle

83
Q

Androgenic hormone

A

Steroid hormone such as test or androsterone that controls development and maintenance of masculine characteristics

84
Q

DHEA

A

Dehydroepiandrosterone

Steroid hormone produced from cholesterol by the adrenal glands

85
Q

Androstenediol

A

Unsaturated steroidal derivative of androstene

86
Q

Androstenedione

A

Unsaturated androgenic steroid, less potent then testosterone

87
Q

Gynecomastia

A

Bitch tits

88
Q

Insulin

A

Hormone made by pancreas to control blood glucose

89
Q

Glucagon

A

Any naturally occurring amine neurotransmitter/hormone, like dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine

90
Q

Adrenocortical hormones

A

Hormones secreted by adrenal cortex including cortisol, aldosterone, and corticosterone

91
Q

Nitrogen balance

A

Nitrogen take into the body vs

Nitrogen secreted

Ncsf Key Terms (1 decks)

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