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Physiology Test 1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

0
Q

What is included in the hierarchy of structural organization?

A

Chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, and organismal Ievel.

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1
Q

Three essential concepts of A&P

A

The complementarity of structure and function, the hierarchy of structural organization, and homeostasis.

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2
Q

What is gross or microscopic anatomy?

A

Study of structures visible with the naked eye

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3
Q

What is regional anatomy?

A

All structures in a region

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4
Q

What is systemic anatomy?

A

Systems

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5
Q

What is surface anatomy?

A

Internal structure as it relates to the skin

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6
Q

Microscopic anatomy includes what?

A

Cytology and histology

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7
Q

What is psychology and what is histology?

A

Scientology in the study of cells and histology the study of tissues

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8
Q

What is developmental anatomy?

A

Study of structural changes throughout the lifespan

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9
Q

What is embryology?

A

Study of developmental changes before birth

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10
Q

Physiology is at what level?

A

At the cellular level

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11
Q

What are the eight necessary life functions?

A

Boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction and growth.

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12
Q

What are the five survival needs?

A

Food, water, air, temperature, and pressure.

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13
Q

What are the homeostatic control mechanisms?

A

Variable, receptor, control center, and effector.

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14
Q

What is the variable in relation to homeostatic control mechanisms?

A

Factor being regulated

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15
Q

What is the receptor in relation to homeostatic control mechanisms?

A

Sensor of change

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16
Q

What is the control center in relation to homeostatic control mechanisms?

A

Determines the setpoint

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17
Q

What is the effector in relation to homeostatic control mechanisms?

A

Output to stimulus

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18
Q

Negative feedback mechanisms do what?

A

Output shuts off or decreases original stimuli

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19
Q

What do positive feedback mechanisms do?

A

Rarely used, cascades

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20
Q

What is the anatomical position definition?

A

Palms forward and thumbs out

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21
Q

What are the two divisions of the dorsal body cavity?

A

Cranial and vertebral or spinal

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22
Q

One of the two divisions of the dorsal body cavity?

A

Thoracic ( pleural & mediastinal) & abdominopelvic

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23
Q

what is biochemistry?

A

The chemistry of living material or matter

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24
Q

What is the matter?

A

Occupies space and has mass

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25
Q

Describe Kinetic energy

A

Energy in action

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26
Q

Potential energy

A

Stored energy

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27
Q

Chemical energy

A

Potential energy stored in bonds and release in action

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28
Q

What is adenosine triphosphate ATP?

A

Molecule temporarily capturing food energy in its bonds

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29
Q

Electrical energy does what?

A

Forms charged particles

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30
Q

What is mechanical energy?

A

Energy directly involved in moving Matter.

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31
Q

What is radiant or electromagnetic energy?

A

Energy traveling in waves

32
Q

Describe an element

A

It cannot be broken down further

33
Q

What are the four elements making 96% body weight?

A

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen

34
Q

What is an Atom?

A

The smallest unit maintaining properties of an element and is electrically neutral

35
Q

What is an atomic symbol?

A

Abbreviation for an element or the first letter English or Latin

36
Q

What does the nucleus contains?

A

Protons, neutrons, and a positive charge

37
Q

What are the three types of mixtures?

A

Solutions, colloids, and suspensions

38
Q

Three types of chemical bonds are

A

Ionic, covalent, and hydrogen

39
Q

With the two types of covalent bonds?

A

Polar and nonpolar

40
Q

Describe the nonpolar covalent bond

A

Nonpolar covalent bond shares electrons equally

41
Q

Describe a polar covalent bond

A

Shares electrons unequally

42
Q

One of the three patterns of chemical reactions?

A

Synthesis, decomposition, and exchange

43
Q

Describe synthesis

A

Synthesis equals composition, anabolic,

A+B —–> AB

44
Q

Describe the decomposition

A

Broken down, catabolic

AB—-> A+B

45
Q

Describe exchange

A

Displacement

AB + C—-> AC + B

46
Q

What are the four factors affecting chemical reaction rate?

A

Temperature, concentration, particle size, and catalyst

47
Q

Describe inorganic compounds

A

Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon and hydrogen to main ingredient

48
Q

Difference between suspension and solution

A

Suspension is a mixture with large particles that will settle out and solutions are homogeneous, and transparent

49
Q

Types of anatomy are

A

Regional anatomy, systemic anatomy, surface anatomy, microscopic anatomy, and developmental anatomy

50
Q

What is regional anatomy?

A

All the structures muscles bones blood vessels and nerves in a particular region of the body examined at the same time

51
Q

What is systemic anatomy?

A

Body structure is studied system by system

52
Q

What is surface anatomy?

A

The study of the internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface

53
Q

What is microscopic anatomy?

A

Deals with structure is too small to be seen with the naked eye

54
Q

What are the two subdivisions of microscopic anatomy?

A

Histology and cytology

55
Q

What is developmental anatomy?

A

Traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the lifespan

56
Q

What is a some division of developmental anatomy?

A

Embryology

57
Q

What is included in the hierarchy of structural organization?

A

Chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, and organismal level.

58
Q

Describe chemical level in relation to The hierarchy of structural organization.

A

Chemical level, Atoms combine to form molecules and molecules associate to form organelles and organelles are the basic components of cells.

59
Q

Describe The cellular level in relation to the hierarchy of structural organization

A

The simplest living creatures ourselves but in complex organisms such as human beings

60
Q

Describe the tissue level in relation to the hierarchy of structural organization

A

Tissues are groups of similar cells that have a common function

61
Q

Describe the organ level in relation to the hierarchy of structural organization

A

Extremely complex functions become possible the organ is a discrete structures composed of at least two tissue types that performs a specific function for the body

62
Q

Describe the organ system level in relation to the hierarchy of structural organization

A

Organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose make up an organ system.

63
Q

Describe the organismal level in relation to the hierarchy of structural organization

A

This is the highest level of organization and represents the sum total of all structural levels working together to keep us alive.

64
Q

What is pH?

A

The pH of the solution is defined as the negative the algorithm of the hydrogen ion concentration

65
Q

What is a base?

A

Solute that removes hydrogen ions from a solution

66
Q

What are acids?

A

Any solute that disassociates in solution and releases hydrogen ions

67
Q

What is telephase?

A

Fourth phase of mitosis. The cell splits into chromosomes on wind into chromatin and mitotic spindle breaks down

68
Q

What is anaphase?

A

The third stage of mitosis. Sister chromatids are pulled apart by spindle and move toward opposite ends of the cell

69
Q

What is metaphase?

A

The second stage of mitosis chromosomes line up across the center and attach to the spindle fiber

70
Q

What is interphase?

A

The cell grows performs its normal functions and prepares for division. Consists of G1, S, And G2 phases

71
Q

What is Prophase?

A

The first stage of mitosis. Chromosomes become visible, centrosomes separate and migrate toward opposite poles, mitotic spindle’s and Asters form

72
Q

What is hypertonic?

A

Solutions with higher concentration of non-penetration solutes

73
Q

What is hypotonic?

A

More dilute than cells. Cells swell and burst.

74
Q

What is gap junction?

A

Channel between ions, simple sugars and small molecules, composed of trans membranous proteins allows transportation, and sends messages in smooth muscle such as bladder.

75
Q

What is desmosomes junction?

A

Anchoring junctions plaques and protein filaments

76
Q

What is the pericardial cavity?

A

Cavity that surrounds the heart

77
Q

What is the abdominal cavity?

A

Contains stomach, small intestine, most of the large intestine, appendix, liver, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen

Physiology Test 1 (1 decks)

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