Chapter 1 Flashcards
Innate Immunity
If bacteria break through barrier certain cells attack and kill
Adaptive Immunity
Occurs when bacteria by pass innate immune system
-lymphocytes involved (B and T cells)
Difference Between Innate and Adaptive
Innate - Fast, Fixed, Limited # of specificities, Constant during response
Adaptive - slow response, Variable, Highly selective, Improve during response
Whats involved in adaptive immunity?
Ab
T-cell recognition
Cell mediated activation of the innate immune response
What are Abs?
Serum proteins that result from specific immune response
What is the Abs structure?
Have high aff binding sites for specific Ags on one end
On the other end are Fc regions
Fc Receptor?
The receptor for Fc regions on effector cells
Opsonization
When specific Ab is present - a high affinity bridge if formed enhancing phagocytosis
Opsonins
Abs responsible for opsonization
Complement System
A group of serum proteins that either recognizes microorganism directly or bind to and recognize bound Ab
Job of complement system?
Result in lysis
Result in deposition of complement of the cell surface
C3 can act as an opsonin
How are cells defined
Morphological Criteria
Antigenic
Morphological Criteria
Size and shape of cell
Size and shape of nucleus
Antigenic
A subset of monoclonal Ans that recognize a subset of immune cells
Cluster of Differentiation - CD
Neutrophils - PMN leukocytes
Most abundant leukocyte (60-70%)
Circulate in blood only for short time
During inflammation these cells enter tissue and complete their life cycle
Contain granules
What are the two major classes of granules in PMNs?
Primary or azurophilic and
Secondary of specific granules
Contain the bactericidal and hydrolytic Ens of cell
Neutrophils job
Phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms
Travel to and enter infected tossie - engulf and kill bacteria
The N die in tissue and are engulfed/degraded by MO
Where are N found?
Stored in BM and are released when needed
Eosinophils
1-3 % of circulating leukocytes
Removed from circulation rapidly (1/2 life 30mins)
Can survive up to 12 days in tissue
What is EBP?
Eosinophil basic protein - important in clearing parasitic worms
Job of eosinophils
Killing of Ab-coated parasites through release of granule content
Basophil
Job unknown
Macrophages (MO) - Monocytes
Monocytes are derived in BM and circulate the blood and when enter tissue are called MO
MO job
They are capable of both intra and extra cell killing
Phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms
Activation of T cells and initiation of immune response
Dendritic Cells
Activation of T-cells and initiation of adaptive immune responses
Mast Cells
Expulsion of parasites from body through release of granules containing histamine and other active agents
Lymphocytes
T and B cells
B lymphocyte
A small lymphocyte that expresses Ig on its surface
Produces Abs
T-lymphocyte
Critical cell in regulating immune responses as well as the effector function of killing infected cells
Cytotoxic T-cell
Play and imp role in the regulation of the immune response as well as act as an effector cell
Have CD8 cell surface marker
Recognition of target cell is mediated via a specific receptor and the process is called Ag specific
NK cells
Large granular lymphocytes
Kill tumor and infected cells w/o apparent specificity
