Chapter 1

Question 1

Innate Immunity

Answer 1

If bacteria break through barrier certain cells attack and kill

Question 2

Adaptive Immunity

Answer 2

Occurs when bacteria by pass innate immune system

-lymphocytes involved (B and T cells)

Question 3

Difference Between Innate and Adaptive

Answer 3

Innate - Fast, Fixed, Limited # of specificities, Constant during response
Adaptive - slow response, Variable, Highly selective, Improve during response

Question 4

Whats involved in adaptive immunity?

Answer 4

Ab
T-cell recognition
Cell mediated activation of the innate immune response

Question 5

What are Abs?

Answer 5

Serum proteins that result from specific immune response

Question 6

What is the Abs structure?

Answer 6

Have high aff binding sites for specific Ags on one end

On the other end are Fc regions

Question 7

Fc Receptor?

Answer 7

The receptor for Fc regions on effector cells

Question 8

Opsonization

Answer 8

When specific Ab is present - a high affinity bridge if formed enhancing phagocytosis

Question 9

Opsonins

Answer 9

Abs responsible for opsonization

Question 10

Complement System

Answer 10

A group of serum proteins that either recognizes microorganism directly or bind to and recognize bound Ab

Question 11

Job of complement system?

Answer 11

Result in lysis
Result in deposition of complement of the cell surface
C3 can act as an opsonin

Question 12

How are cells defined

Answer 12

Morphological Criteria

Antigenic

Question 13

Morphological Criteria

Answer 13

Size and shape of cell

Size and shape of nucleus

Question 14

Antigenic

Answer 14

A subset of monoclonal Ans that recognize a subset of immune cells
Cluster of Differentiation - CD

Question 15

Neutrophils - PMN leukocytes

Answer 15

Most abundant leukocyte (60-70%)
Circulate in blood only for short time
During inflammation these cells enter tissue and complete their life cycle
Contain granules

Question 16

What are the two major classes of granules in PMNs?

Answer 16

Primary or azurophilic and
Secondary of specific granules
Contain the bactericidal and hydrolytic Ens of cell

Question 17

Neutrophils job

Answer 17

Phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms
Travel to and enter infected tossie - engulf and kill bacteria
The N die in tissue and are engulfed/degraded by MO

Question 18

Where are N found?

Answer 18

Stored in BM and are released when needed

Question 19

Eosinophils

Answer 19

1-3 % of circulating leukocytes
Removed from circulation rapidly (1/2 life 30mins)
Can survive up to 12 days in tissue

Question 20

What is EBP?

Answer 20

Eosinophil basic protein - important in clearing parasitic worms

Question 21

Job of eosinophils

Answer 21

Killing of Ab-coated parasites through release of granule content

Question 22

Basophil

Answer 22

Job unknown

Question 23

Macrophages (MO) - Monocytes

Answer 23

Monocytes are derived in BM and circulate the blood and when enter tissue are called MO

Question 24

MO job

Answer 24

They are capable of both intra and extra cell killing
Phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms
Activation of T cells and initiation of immune response

Question 25

Dendritic Cells

Answer 25

Activation of T-cells and initiation of adaptive immune responses

Question 26

Mast Cells

Answer 26

Expulsion of parasites from body through release of granules containing histamine and other active agents

Question 27

Lymphocytes

Answer 27

T and B cells

Question 28

B lymphocyte

Answer 28

A small lymphocyte that expresses Ig on its surface

Produces Abs

Question 29

T-lymphocyte

Answer 29

Critical cell in regulating immune responses as well as the effector function of killing infected cells

Question 30

Cytotoxic T-cell

Answer 30

Play and imp role in the regulation of the immune response as well as act as an effector cell
Have CD8 cell surface marker
Recognition of target cell is mediated via a specific receptor and the process is called Ag specific

Question 31

NK cells

Answer 31

Large granular lymphocytes

Kill tumor and infected cells w/o apparent specificity