Chapter 1 & 33 Flashcards
Asepsis
the state of being free of germs
Medical Asepsis
destruction of pathogens after they leave the body
Surgical Asepsis
destruction of pathogens before they leave the body
Removal of PPE
- gloves
- goggles
- gown
- mask
chain of infection
- reservoir host
- portal of exit
- means of transmission
- portal of entry
- susceptible host
list the four types of microorganisms
- bacteria
- protozoa
- virus
- fungi
In order to grow MICROORGANISMS
- food
- moisture
- darkness
- temperature
aerobic
requires oxygen to live
anaerobic
does not require oxygen to live
MDRO are referred to?
Three examples of MDROs
Super bugs because they do not respond to traditional medications and treatments
MRSA (Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus)
VRE (Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci)
VRSA (Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus)
MRSA is an organism resistant to
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is resist to ANTIBIOTICS
Two forms of MRSA
Hospital associated MRSA and Community based MRSA
Vancomycin resistant enterococci
Spread by direct contact and are resistant to Vanocmycin after all other antibiotics have failed
Stages and Types of Infection
IMIPAR
Invasion period Multiplication period Incubation period Prodromal period Acute period Recovery period
how long do Acute infections take
body can rid itself from 3 weeks to about 5 weeks
What are chronic infections
lifelong infections that transition from invasion to prodromal period
What are latent infections
characterized by period of remission and relapse.
opportunistic infections
an infection that takes advantage when host’s immune system is already impaired
What a nosocomial infection and the common types
and infection acquired at a medical facility. Bloodstream, urinary, and surgical site infections are most common.
Inflammatory response
Dilation of blood vessels, production of watery fluids, invasion of neurophils and monocytes.
Can be local or systematic
Four Cardinal signs of acute inflammation
Redness
heat
swelling
pain
Body’s natural barriers
Skin
mucous membranes
Lyphatic system and the blood
Phagocytosis is
process of engulfing, digesting, and destroying pathogens.
Universal precautions serve to protect health care workers and patients from
hiv, hpv, blood borne pathogens.
The idea is to treat all blood and bodily fluids as contaminated
Standard precautions apply to all
Blood body fluid, secretions, and excretions except sweat
Standard precautions general topics
- Hand Hygiene
- PPE as appropriate
- Respiratory Hygiene/ -Cough Etiquette
- Safe Injection Practices
- Masks
what are transmission based precautions
Airborne, Droplet, Contact
Airborne Precautions involve
patient isolation, required use of mask and gown
Droplet precautions involve
spread of droplets during coughing, sneezing, talking. Gown and gloves should be worn
Contact precations are used when
infections are difficult to treat and transmission is high.
Patient isolation is required, mask and gown and eyewear should be worn.
OSHA lists these in an exposure control plan
an exposure plan, use of engineering controls, employment of work practice controls, exposure determination, methods of compliance, post exposure evaluation.
Difference between virus and bacteria
Bacteria can live in and outside of the body while a virus needs a host to survive
Sanitization is
a cleaning process that inhibits or inactivates pathogens through the careful cleaning of equipment and instruments to remove debris. Items are place in a neutral pH detergent, rinsed in hot water and air dried
Disinfection
Destorys or inhibts the ACTIVITY of disease-causing organisms. does NOT always kill spores or viruses
Sterilization is a process that
kills all microorganisms. with heat it can kill spores bacteria and other microorganisms.
List four types of auto clave
Steam under pressure
Dry heat (320 deg f)
Dry gas
Radiation
High heat maintenance with autoclave
requires 15lbs of psi and 250 - 270 deg F. Heat is transferred to the items by way of steam condensation through use of distilled water
List commonly used wrapping materials with autoclave
Heavy paper
Muslin
Plastic
Stainless Steel Container
What is used to secure packages an changes _____ to indicate high exposure to high temps?
autoclave indicator tape that changes color
What is placed inside the wrappers of packages and color changes on the strip indicating completion of sterilization process
Autoclave indicator strips
Labeling of autoclave packages
date of sterilization
items within the packet
individual who prepared packet
Instruments are considered sterile for
21 days in plastic and 30 days in muslin
Professional Qualities of a good medical assistant.
CCCDEIPP
Confidentiality Competence Congeniality Discretion Empathetic Integrity Punctual Proactive
MA certifying organizations
AAMA
AMT
NCCT
NHA
Hepatitis A means of transmission, incubation period and symptoms
Fecal/oral route such as food contaminated with fecal material
14 to 50 days and fever loss of appetite dark urine and whitish stools
Hepatitis B means of transmission, incubation period and symptoms
contact with contaminated body fluids, incluiding blood semen and saliva
60 - 90 days rapid onset. Fever loos of appetite jaundice nausea. 30 percent of individuals have o signs or symptom. scarring of liver, liver cancer or failure and death.
Hepatitis C means of transmission, incubation period and symptoms
contaminated needles and passed from mother to baby
6 - 10 weeks
80 percent show no signs or symptoms but mimic HAV and HBV
HIV and AIDS
symptoms before the development of AIDS include loss of appetite, weight loss, diarrhea, skin rash, fatigue, night sweats, swollen lymph glands, poor resistance to infection.
