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Medical Assistant > Chapter 1 & 33 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 & 33 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Asepsis

A

the state of being free of germs

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2
Q

Medical Asepsis

A

destruction of pathogens after they leave the body

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3
Q

Surgical Asepsis

A

destruction of pathogens before they leave the body

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4
Q

Removal of PPE

A
  • gloves
  • goggles
  • gown
  • mask
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5
Q

chain of infection

A
  • reservoir host
  • portal of exit
  • means of transmission
  • portal of entry
  • susceptible host
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6
Q

list the four types of microorganisms

A
  • bacteria
  • protozoa
  • virus
  • fungi
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7
Q

In order to grow MICROORGANISMS

A
  • food
  • moisture
  • darkness
  • temperature
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8
Q

aerobic

A

requires oxygen to live

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9
Q

anaerobic

A

does not require oxygen to live

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10
Q

MDRO are referred to?

Three examples of MDROs

A

Super bugs because they do not respond to traditional medications and treatments

MRSA (Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus)
VRE (Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci)
VRSA (Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus)

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11
Q

MRSA is an organism resistant to

A

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is resist to ANTIBIOTICS

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12
Q

Two forms of MRSA

A

Hospital associated MRSA and Community based MRSA

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13
Q

Vancomycin resistant enterococci

A

Spread by direct contact and are resistant to Vanocmycin after all other antibiotics have failed

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14
Q

Stages and Types of Infection

IMIPAR

A 
Invasion period
Multiplication period
Incubation period
Prodromal period
Acute period 
Recovery period
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15
Q

how long do Acute infections take

A

body can rid itself from 3 weeks to about 5 weeks

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16
Q

What are chronic infections

A

lifelong infections that transition from invasion to prodromal period

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17
Q

What are latent infections

A

characterized by period of remission and relapse.

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18
Q

opportunistic infections

A

an infection that takes advantage when host’s immune system is already impaired

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19
Q

What a nosocomial infection and the common types

A

and infection acquired at a medical facility. Bloodstream, urinary, and surgical site infections are most common.

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20
Q

Inflammatory response

A

Dilation of blood vessels, production of watery fluids, invasion of neurophils and monocytes.

Can be local or systematic

21
Q

Four Cardinal signs of acute inflammation

A

Redness
heat
swelling
pain

22
Q

Body’s natural barriers

A

Skin
mucous membranes
Lyphatic system and the blood

23
Q

Phagocytosis is

A

process of engulfing, digesting, and destroying pathogens.

24
Q

Universal precautions serve to protect health care workers and patients from

A

hiv, hpv, blood borne pathogens.

The idea is to treat all blood and bodily fluids as contaminated

25
Q

Standard precautions apply to all

A

Blood body fluid, secretions, and excretions except sweat

26
Q

Standard precautions general topics

A
  • Hand Hygiene
  • PPE as appropriate
  • Respiratory Hygiene/ -Cough Etiquette
  • Safe Injection Practices
  • Masks
27
Q

what are transmission based precautions

A

Airborne, Droplet, Contact

28
Q

Airborne Precautions involve

A

patient isolation, required use of mask and gown

29
Q

Droplet precautions involve

A

spread of droplets during coughing, sneezing, talking. Gown and gloves should be worn

30
Q

Contact precations are used when

A

infections are difficult to treat and transmission is high.

Patient isolation is required, mask and gown and eyewear should be worn.

31
Q

OSHA lists these in an exposure control plan

A

an exposure plan, use of engineering controls, employment of work practice controls, exposure determination, methods of compliance, post exposure evaluation.

32
Q

Difference between virus and bacteria

A

Bacteria can live in and outside of the body while a virus needs a host to survive

33
Q

Sanitization is

A

a cleaning process that inhibits or inactivates pathogens through the careful cleaning of equipment and instruments to remove debris. Items are place in a neutral pH detergent, rinsed in hot water and air dried

34
Q

Disinfection

A

Destorys or inhibts the ACTIVITY of disease-causing organisms. does NOT always kill spores or viruses

35
Q

Sterilization is a process that

A

kills all microorganisms. with heat it can kill spores bacteria and other microorganisms.

36
Q

List four types of auto clave

A

Steam under pressure
Dry heat (320 deg f)
Dry gas
Radiation

37
Q

High heat maintenance with autoclave

A

requires 15lbs of psi and 250 - 270 deg F. Heat is transferred to the items by way of steam condensation through use of distilled water

38
Q

List commonly used wrapping materials with autoclave

A

Heavy paper
Muslin
Plastic
Stainless Steel Container

39
Q

What is used to secure packages an changes _____ to indicate high exposure to high temps?

A

autoclave indicator tape that changes color

40
Q

What is placed inside the wrappers of packages and color changes on the strip indicating completion of sterilization process

A

Autoclave indicator strips

41
Q

Labeling of autoclave packages

A

date of sterilization
items within the packet
individual who prepared packet

42
Q

Instruments are considered sterile for

A

21 days in plastic and 30 days in muslin

43
Q

Professional Qualities of a good medical assistant.

CCCDEIPP

A 
Confidentiality
Competence
Congeniality
Discretion
Empathetic
Integrity
Punctual
Proactive
44
Q

MA certifying organizations

A

AAMA
AMT
NCCT
NHA

45
Q

Hepatitis A means of transmission, incubation period and symptoms

A

Fecal/oral route such as food contaminated with fecal material
14 to 50 days and fever loss of appetite dark urine and whitish stools

46
Q

Hepatitis B means of transmission, incubation period and symptoms

A

contact with contaminated body fluids, incluiding blood semen and saliva
60 - 90 days rapid onset. Fever loos of appetite jaundice nausea. 30 percent of individuals have o signs or symptom. scarring of liver, liver cancer or failure and death.

47
Q

Hepatitis C means of transmission, incubation period and symptoms

A

contaminated needles and passed from mother to baby
6 - 10 weeks
80 percent show no signs or symptoms but mimic HAV and HBV

48
Q

HIV and AIDS

A

symptoms before the development of AIDS include loss of appetite, weight loss, diarrhea, skin rash, fatigue, night sweats, swollen lymph glands, poor resistance to infection.

Medical Assistant (5 decks)

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