Chapter 1

Question 1

Definition : Scientific Management

Answer 1

A body of literature that emerged during the period 1890 - 1930 that reports the ideas and theories of engineers concerned with such problems as job definition, incentive systems, and selection and training.

Question 2

Frederick W. Taylor

Answer 2

1) Develop a science for each element of an employee’s work, which replaces the old rule-of-thumb method.
2) Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the worker, whereas in the past a worker chose that work to do and was self-trained.
3) Heartily cooperate with each other to ensure that all work was done in accordance with the principles of science.
4) Strive for an almost equal division of work and responsibility between management and non-managers.

Question 3

Organizational Behavior

Answer 3

1) Management is a separate body of knowledge that can be applied in any type of organization.
2) a theory of management can be learned and taught.
3) there is a need for teaching management in colleges.

Question 4

Hawthorne Studies

Answer 4

1900 - 1930 , the workers felt important ( and increased their productivity ) because someone was observing and studying them at work

Question 5

Systems Theory

Answer 5

A theory stating that an organization is a managed system that changes inputs into outputs.

Question 6

Inputs

Answer 6

Goods and services ( raw material, human resource, energy, etc. ) organization take in and use to create products or services.

Question 7

Outputs

Answer 7

The products and services (smartphones, food , social networking sites.etc. ) that organizations need.

Question 8

Organizational effectiveness criteria

Answer 8

1) must reflect the entire input-process-output cycle, not simply output.
2) must reflect the interrelationships between the organization and its outside environment.

Question 9

Quality

Answer 9

J.M Juran and W. Edwards Deming emphasized the importance of this

Question 10

Productivity

Answer 10

reflects the relationship between inputs and output

Question 11

Efficiency

Answer 11

Ratio of outputs and inputs

Question 12

Satisfaction

Answer 12

The extent to which an organization meet the needs of employees.

Question 13

Adaptiveness

Answer 13

the extent to which the organization can and does respond to internal and external changes.

Question 14

Development

Answer 14

The ability of the organization to increase its capacity to deal with environmental demands.

Question 15

Power

Answer 15

The ability to get things done in the way the organizations wants them to be done

Question 16

Globalism

Answer 16

The interdependency of transportation, distribution, communication, and economic networks across international borders.

Question 17

Diversity

Answer 17

Refers to those attributes that make people different from one another.

Question 18

Speed of Change

Answer 18

Rapid change is found in many areas of business including technology, demographics, globalism etc.

Question 19

Psychological Contract

Answer 19

an unwritten agreement between an employee and the organization that specifies what each expects to give to and receive from the other

Question 20

Technology

Answer 20

Refers to actions physical and mental that an individual performs upon some object , person or problem to change it in some way.

Question 21

Six forces reshaping management practice

Answer 21

power of human resources, globalism, diversity, speed of change, new psychological contract, technology