Chapter 1 Flashcards
Internet
Global computer network developed as a military project
Digital revolution
Ongoing process of social, political, and economic change brought by digital technology l, such as computers and the Internet.
Four phases of the digital revolution
Data processing
Personal computing
Network computing
Cloud computing
Digitization
Process of converting text, numbers, sound, photos, or video Ito data that can be processed by a computer
Local software
Any software that is installed on a computers hard drive
Convergence
Process by which several technologies with distinct functionalities evolve to form a single product
Intellectual property
Ownership of certain types of info, ideas or representations(patented, copyrighted material)
Pirating
Illegal copying and distribution of copyrighted material
Computer
Multipurpose device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output according to a series of stored instructions l.
Memory
Temporarily holds data waiting to be processed
Storage
Area where data can be left permanently, not immediately needed for processing
File
Collection of data that exists on a storage medium
Software
Computer program forms software that sets up a computer to do a specific task.
Computer program
Series of instructions that tells a computer how to carry out processing tasks
Cpu
Brain of the computer, where most processing takes place. Can process data by performing calculations, sorting lists of words or numbers, modifying documents or drawing pictures
Microprocessor
Cpu or most modern computers
Stored program
Series of instructions for a computing task can be loaded into a computers memory. Most important characteristic that distinguishes it from calculators etc.
Workstation
Ordinary personal computer that is connected to a network. A perosonal desktop computer designed for high performance tasks
Microcontroller
Special-purpose microprocessor that can control a device.
Data representation
Form in which data is stored, processed and transmitted
Digital data
Text numbers etc that has been converted to 1s and 0s
Data becomes information when
It is presented in a format that people can understand
Binary number system
Numeric data of 0 and 1
Represent character data with
ASCII, EBCDIC, Unicode
Integrated circuit
Computer chips, super thin slice of semiconducting material packed with microscopic elements such as wires
System board
Houses all essential chips and provides connecting circuitry between them.
Source code
Human-readable version of a program created in a high level language by a programmer
Op code and Operand
Op code Command Word for an operation such as add. Operand species the instruction such as 1. So instruction means add1
Compiler
Or interpreter converts the source code into object code(the resulting collection of instructions)
Instruction set
Collection of preprogrammed activities
ALU(arithmetic logic unit)
Part of the microprocessor that performs arithmetic operations such as addition and subtraction. Holds registers to hold data that is being processed.
ALU control unit
Fetches each instruction, sends data to registers and signals the ALU to begin processing
Instruction cycle four activities
Fetch instruction
Interpret instruction
Execute instruction
Increment pointer to next instruction
Authentication protocols
Refer to any method that confirms a persons identity using something the person know, something the person possesses, or something the person is.
Identity theft
Someone gains access to your personal data and uses it illegally
Dictionary attack
Helps hackers guess your password by using commonly used passwords
Brute force attack
Uses password cracking software
Sniffing
Intercepts information set out over computer networks
Phishing
Hacker poses as a legit rep. Like bank etc
Key logger
Software that secretly records a users keystrokes and send the info to a hacker
Password manager
Stores user Ids with their passwords and automatically fills in login forms
Data refers to
The symbols that represent facts, objects and ideas.
Application software
Set of programs that helps a person carry out a task… Aka apps
Download
Copying file from server to client
Upload
Copying files from client to sever
Analog data vs discrete
Analog uses an infinite scale, like a dimming switch
