CHAPTER 1

Question 1

Pharmacology

Answer 1

The scientific study of the actions of drugs and their effects on a living organism.

Question 2

Neuropharmacology

Answer 2

Study of drug-induced changes in the functioning of cells in the nervous system

Question 3

Psychopharmacology

Answer 3

Emphasizes drug-induced changes in mood, thinking, and behavior.

Question 4

Drug Action

Answer 4

The specific molecular changes produced by a drug when it binds to a particular target site or receptor

Question 5

Drug Effects

Answer 5

The widespread alterations in physiological or psychological functions created by drug action

Question 6

Therapeutic Effect

Answer 6

The desired effect of a drug

Question 7

Side effects

Answer 7

Unwanted effects of a drug

Question 8

Specific Drug Effects

Answer 8

Effects based on the physical and biochemical interactions of a drug with a target site in living tissue

Question 9

Non-Specific Drug Effects

Answer 9

Based not on the chemical activity of a drug-receptor interaction, but on a certain unique characteristic of the individual (e.g. present mood, attitudes, environment, etc.)

Question 10

Bioavailability

Answer 10

Amount of drug in the blood that is free to bind at specific target locations.

Question 11

Pharmacokinetic Factor

Answer 11

Factors that determine a drug’s bioavailability (e.g. Site of administration, absorption & distribution, etc.)

Question 12

Depot Binding

Answer 12

When a drug in the blood binds to plasma proteins or when it is stored temporarily in bone or fat (where it is inactive).

Question 13

Biotransformation

Answer 13

Drug inactivation which occurs usually as a result of metabolic processing in the liver

Question 14

Enteral

Answer 14

Method of drug administration which uses the gastrointestinal tract; generally slow in onset and produce highly variable blood levels of a drug. Most common enteral methods are oral and rectal suppositories.

Question 15

Parenteral

Answer 15

All methods of administration that are not enteral. Includes: injections, pulmonary, topical, etc.

Question 16

Absorption

Answer 16

Movement of the drug from the site of administration to the blood circulation is called absorption.

Question 17

Oral Administration (PO)

Answer 17

Safe, self-administered & economical. Drug must be resistant to destruction by stomach acid.

Question 18

First-pass metabolism

Answer 18

Potentially harmful chemicals and toxins that are ingested pass via the portal vein to the liver. where they are chemically altered by a variety of enzymes before passing to the heart for circulation throughout the body.

Question 19

Intravenous (IV)

Answer 19

Most rapid & accurate method of administration. Risks of overdose due to quick onset

Question 20

Intramuscular (IM)

Answer 20

Injection in muscle tissue. Slower, more even absorption rate. (10-30 minute absorption time)

Question 21

Intraperitoneal (IP)

Answer 21

Injection into the peritoneal cavity (space that surrounds abdominal organs). Variability of absorption depending on where the drug is placed

Question 22

Subcutaneous (SC)

Answer 22

Drug injection below the skin and absorbed at a rate dependent on blood flow to the site.