Chapter 1 Flashcards
Hippocrates
460-377 BC Greek physician, father of medicine, created code of conduct for doctors called the Hippocratic oath. believed illness & disease had rational &physical explanations. stressed the importance of observation, diagnosis, and treatment. was the 1st to accurately describe symptoms of pneumonia & epilepsy in children. encouraged to use a good diet, fresh air, cleanliness & exercise. founded a school in Cos, Greece to help teach ideas of his medicine
Leonardo da Vinci
1452 to 1519 AD used dissection to draw the human body more realistically
William Harvey
1578 to 1657 during the 16th and 17th centuries describe the circulation of blood to and from the heart in 1628
Dorthea Dix
1802 to 1887 in the 19th century appointed superintendent of female nurses of the army in 1861 i
WHO
World Health Organization international agency compiles stats on diseases publishes health info and address health problems around the world
Joseph Lister
1827 to 1912 during the 19th century started using disinfectants and antiseptics during surgery to prevent infection in 1865
Edward Jenner
1749 to 1823 during the 18th-century developed vaccination for smallpox in 1796
Clara Barton
1821 to 1912 during the 19th century is known as the founder of the American Red Cross in 1881 during the American Civil War she served as a volunteer to provide aid to wounded soldiers
Florence Nightingale
1822 -1910 during the 19th century was the founder of modern nursing. established efficient and sanitary nursing units during the Crimean war in 1854. opened Nightingale school and home for nurses at St. Thomas’ Hospital in London 1860 and began the professional education of nurses
Sir Alexander Fleming
1881 to 1955 during the 20th century discovered penicillin in 1928
Jonas Salk
1914 to 1995 during the 20th century developed the polio vaccine using dead polio virus in 1952
Sigmond Freud
1856 to 1939 during the 20th century studies forms the basis for psychology and psychiatry
Two effects and time periods of the bubonic plague
During the dark in middle ages in the 1300s a major epidemic of bubonic plague killed almost 75% of the population of Europe and Asia
During the 14th century during the Elizabeth an era a pandemic spread of bubonic plague killing 80,000 people in England because of horrible hygiene standards and infected rodents carried the plague
Holistic
Care that promotes physical, emotional, social, intellectual, and spiritual well-being by treating the whole body, mind, and spirit. each patient is recognized as a unique person with different needs. uses many methods of diagnosis and treatment in addition to traditional Western medical-practice treatment is directed towards protection and restoration. it’s based on the body’s natural healing powers. essential to remember that patient is responsible for choosing his/her own care healthcare. workers must respect the patient’s choices and provide care to promote the well-being of the whole person
AIDS
When the HIV virus causes a critical low level below 200 cells per cubic millimeter of blood a special leukocytes white blood cells called CD4 or T cells and/or opportunistic diseases appear aids diagnosed
Mutation
biology : a change in the genes of a plant or animal that causes physical characteristics that are different from what is normal
: a new form of something that has changed
a :a relatively permanent change in hereditary material involving either a physical change in chromosome relations or a biochemical change in the codons that make up genes; also :the process of producing a mutation
b :an individual, strain, or trait resulting from mutation
Virus
Are prone to mutation and exchanging genetic information the creation of a lethal virus can occur at any time
FDA and birth control
1960
The Searle drug company receives FDA approval for Enovid - the first birth control pill. “The Pill” revolutionizes contraception. It’s 100% effective – but has terrible side effects, including life-threatening blood clots. Eventually it’s realized that the dose is 10 times too high.
pandemic
medical : an occurrence in which a disease spreads very quickly and affects a large number of people over a wide area or throughout the world
Full Definition
:an outbreak of a disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects an exceptionally high proportion of the population :a pandemic outbreak of a disease
H5N1
Avian influenza (AI), commonly called bird flu, is an infectious viral disease of birds. Most avian influenza viruses do not infect humans; however some, such as A(H5N1) and A(H7N9), have caused serious infections in people. Outbreaks of AI in poultry may raise global public health concerns due to their effect on poultry populations, their potential to cause serious disease in people, and their pandemic potential. Reports of highly pathogenic AI epidemics in poultry, such as A(H5N1), can seriously impact local and global economies and international trade. The majority of human cases of A(H5N1) and A(H7N9) infection have been associated with direct or indirect contact with infected live or dead poultry. There is no evidence that the disease can be spread to people through properly cooked food. Controlling the disease in animals is the first step in decreasing risks to humans. The A(H5N1) virus subtype, a highly pathogenic AI virus, first infected humans in 1997 during a poultry outbreak in Hong Kong SAR, China. Since its widespread re-emergence in 2003 and 2004, this avian virus has spread from Asia to Europe and Africa and has become entrenched in poultry in some countries, resulting in millions of poultry infections, several hundred human cases, and many human deaths. Outbreaks in poultry have seriously impacted livelihoods, the economy and international trade in affected countries.
