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Psychology 201 :Final Terms > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

Biopsychological perspective

A

Perspective that attributes human and animal behavior to biological events occurring in the body such as genetic influences, hormones, and the activity of the nervous system

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1
Q

Behaviorism

A

The science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only

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2
Q

Case study

A

The study of one individual in great detail

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3
Q

Cognitive neuroscience

A

study of the physical changes in the brain and nervous system during thinking

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4
Q

Cognitive perspective

A

Modern perspective that focuses on memory ,intelligence ,perception, problem solving ,and learning

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5
Q

Control group

A

Subjects in and experiment that are not subject to the independent variable and who may receive a placebo treatment

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6
Q

Correlation

A

A measure of the relationship between two variables

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7
Q

Correlation coefficient

A

A number derived from the formula for measuring a correlation and indicating the strength and direction of the correlation

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8
Q

Critical thinking

A

Making reasoned judgments about claims

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9
Q

Dependent variable

A

Variable in an experiment that represents the measurable response or behavior of the subject in the experiment

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10
Q

Double-blinded study

A

Study in which neither the experimenter nor the subjects know if the subjects are in the experimental or control group

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11
Q

Evolutionary perspective

A

Perspective that focuses on the biological basis of universal mental characteristics that all humans share

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12
Q

Experiment

A

A deliberate manipulation of a variable to see if corresponding changes in behavior result, allowing the determination of cause-and-effect relationships

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13
Q

Experimental group

A

Subjects in an experiment that are subject to the independent variable

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14
Q

Functionalism

A

Early perspective in psychology associated with William James, in which the focus of the study is how the mind allows people to adapt ,work, live, and play

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15
Q

Experimenter effect

A

Tendency of the experimenters expectations for a study, to unintentionally influence the results of the study

16
Q

Gestalt psychology

A

Early perspective in psychology focusing on perception and sensation , particularly the perception of patterns and whole figures

17
Q

Hypothesis

A

Tentative explanation of a phenomenon based on observations

18
Q

Independent variable

A

Variable in an experiment that is manipulated by the experimenter

19
Q

Objective introspection

A

The process of examining and measuring one’s own thoughts and mental activities

20
Q

Observer bias

A

Tendency of observers to see what they expect to see

21
Q

Observer effect

A

Tendency of people or animals to behave differently from normal when they know they are being observed

22
Q

Operational definition

A

Definition of a variable of interest that allows it to be directly measured

23
Q

Participant observation

A

A naturalistic observation in which the observer becomes a participant in the group being observed

24
Q

Placebo effect

A

The phenomenon in which the expectations of the participants in a study can influence their behavior

25
Q

Psychiatrist

A

A medical doctor who has specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders

26
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

The theory and therapy based on the work of Sigmund Freud

27
Q

Psychodynamic perspective

A

Modern version of psychoanalysis that is more focused on the development of a sense of self and the discovery of other motivations behind a person’s behavior ( other than sexual motivations)

28
Q

Psychologist

A

A professional with an academic degree and specialized training in one or more areas of psychology

29
Q

Psychology

A

The scientific study of behavior and mental process

30
Q

Random assignment

A

The process of assigning subjects to the experimental or control groups randomly so that each subject has an equal chance of being in either group

31
Q

Replication in research

A

Repetition of a study or experiment to see if the same results will be obtained in an effort to demonstrate the reliability of Results

32
Q

Representative example

A

Randomly selected sample of subjects from a larger population of subjects

33
Q

Scientific method

A

A system of gathering data so that bias and error in measurement are reduced

34
Q

Single-blind study

A

Study in which the subjects do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group

35
Q

Sociocultural perspective

A

Perspective that focuses on the relationship between social behavior and culture

36
Q

Structuralism

A

Early perspective in psychology associated with Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener, in which the focus of the study is the structure or basic elements of the mind

Psychology 201 :Final Terms (2 decks)

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