Chapter 1-3 Vocabulary Flashcards
quark
fundamental particles that make up protons and neutrons in the atom’s nucleus
hadron
combinations of quarks that have a net charge
isotopes
atoms of the same element having difference masses due to varying numbers of neutrons
atomic mass
the average of all the naturally occurring isotopes of that element
atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of that element
mass number
the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an isotope
accuracy
refers to the agreement of a particular value with the true value
precision
refers to the degree of agreement among several measurements made in the same manner
random error (indeterminate error)
measurement had an equal probability of being higher or lower than the true value
systematic error (determinate error)
occurs in the same direction each time (high or low), often resulting from poor technique or incorrect calibration. This can result in measurements that are precise, but not accurate.
matter
the physical material of the universe; anything that has mass and occupies space
property
any characteristic that allows us to recognize a particular type of matter and to distinguish it from other types
elements
very basic, or elementary, substances that make up matter
atoms
the almost infinitesimally small building blocks of matter
composition
the kinds of atoms a sample of matter contains
structure
arrangements of atoms a sample of matter contains
molecules
two or more atoms joined together in specific shapes
pure substance
matter that has distinct properties and a compositions that doesn’t vary from sample to sample
compound
substances composed of two or more elements, therefore containing two or more kinds of atoms
component
substance making up a mixture
physical property
a property that can be measured without changing the identity and composition of the substance, (ex. color, odor, density, melting point)
chemical property
a property that describes the way a substance may change, or react, or form another substance (ex. flammability)
intensive properties
a property that doesn’t depend on the amount of sample being examined and can be used to identify substances (ex. temperature, melting point, density)
extensive properties
a property that depends on the quantity of the sample (ex. mass, volume)
temperature
a measure of the hotness or coldness of an object
density
the amount of mass in a unit volume of the substance (mass/volume)
