Chapter 1-3 Vocabulary

Question 1

quark

Answer 1

fundamental particles that make up protons and neutrons in the atom’s nucleus

Question 2

hadron

Answer 2

combinations of quarks that have a net charge

Question 3

isotopes

Answer 3

atoms of the same element having difference masses due to varying numbers of neutrons

Question 4

atomic mass

Answer 4

the average of all the naturally occurring isotopes of that element

Question 5

atomic number

Answer 5

the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of that element

Question 6

mass number

Answer 6

the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an isotope

Question 7

accuracy

Answer 7

refers to the agreement of a particular value with the true value

Question 8

precision

Answer 8

refers to the degree of agreement among several measurements made in the same manner

Question 9

random error (indeterminate error)

Answer 9

measurement had an equal probability of being higher or lower than the true value

Question 10

systematic error (determinate error)

Answer 10

occurs in the same direction each time (high or low), often resulting from poor technique or incorrect calibration. This can result in measurements that are precise, but not accurate.

Question 11

matter

Answer 11

the physical material of the universe; anything that has mass and occupies space

Question 12

property

Answer 12

any characteristic that allows us to recognize a particular type of matter and to distinguish it from other types

Question 13

elements

Answer 13

very basic, or elementary, substances that make up matter

Question 14

atoms

Answer 14

the almost infinitesimally small building blocks of matter

Question 15

composition

Answer 15

the kinds of atoms a sample of matter contains

Question 16

structure

Answer 16

arrangements of atoms a sample of matter contains

Question 17

molecules

Answer 17

two or more atoms joined together in specific shapes

Question 18

pure substance

Answer 18

matter that has distinct properties and a compositions that doesn’t vary from sample to sample

Question 19

compound

Answer 19

substances composed of two or more elements, therefore containing two or more kinds of atoms

Question 20

component

Answer 20

substance making up a mixture

Question 21

physical property

Answer 21

a property that can be measured without changing the identity and composition of the substance, (ex. color, odor, density, melting point)

Question 22

chemical property

Answer 22

a property that describes the way a substance may change, or react, or form another substance (ex. flammability)

Question 23

intensive properties

Answer 23

a property that doesn’t depend on the amount of sample being examined and can be used to identify substances (ex. temperature, melting point, density)

Question 24

extensive properties

Answer 24

a property that depends on the quantity of the sample (ex. mass, volume)

Question 25

temperature

Answer 25

a measure of the hotness or coldness of an object

Question 26

density

Answer 26

the amount of mass in a unit volume of the substance (mass/volume)