Chapter 1-3 terms and concepts

Question 1

Statistics

Answer 1

the science of planning studies and experiments, obtaining data, and then organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting, and drawing conclusions based on the data.

Question 2

Population

Answer 2

the complete collection of all individuals (scores, people, measurements, and so on) to be studied. The collection is complete in the sense that it includes all of the individuals to be studied.

Question 3

Sample

Answer 3

a sub-collection of members selected from a population

Question 4

Parameter

Answer 4

a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population

Question 5

Statistic

Answer 5

a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a sample

Question 6

Qualitative

Answer 6

consists of names or labels that are not numbers representing counts or measurements

Question 7

Quantitative

Answer 7

consist of numbers representing counts or measurements

Question 8

Discrete Data

Answer 8

result when the number of possible values is either a finite number or a “countable” number. (That is, the number of possible values is 0 or 1 or 2, etc.)

Question 9

Continuous Data

Answer 9

result from infinitely many possible values that correspond to some continuous scale that covers a range of values without gaps, interruptions, or jumps

Question 10

Nominal Measurement

Answer 10

characterized by data that consist of names, labels, or categories only. The data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme (such as low to high) ex. Political Party

Question 11

Ordinal Measurement

Answer 11

data that can be arranged in some order, but differences (obtained by subtraction) between data values either cannot be determined or are meaningless ex. Grades, Ranks

Question 12

Interval Measurement

Answer 12

like ordinal, with the additional property that the difference between any two data values is meaningful. However, data at this level do not have a natural zero starting point (where none of the quantity is present) ex. Temperatures, years

Question 13

Ratio Measurement

Answer 13

similar to interval with the addition of a natural zero starting point (where zero indicates that none of the quantity is present). For values at this level, differences and ratios are both meaningful ex. Distances, Prices

Question 14

Random Sample

Answer 14

in a RS members from the population are selected in such a way that each individual member in the population has an equal chance of being selected.

Question 15

Simple Random Sample

Answer 15

a SRS of n subjects is selected in such a way that every possible sample of the same size n has the same chance of being chosen.

Question 16

Systematic Sampling

Answer 16

method where we select some starting point and then select every kth (such as every 50th) element in the population

Question 17

Convenience Sampling

Answer 17

we simply use results that are very easy to get

Question 18

Stratified Sampling

Answer 18

one subdivides the population into at least two different subgroups ( or strata) so that subjects within the same subgroup share the same characteristics (such as gender or age bracket), then we draw a sample from each subgroup (or stratum)

Question 19

Cluster Sampling

Answer 19

one divides the population into sections (aka clusters), then random select some of those clusters, and then choose all the members from those selected clusters.

Question 20

Class Width

Answer 20

Class Width = (max data value) - (Min data value)/number of classes

note: answer is always rounded to the next whole number regardless of decimal