Chapter 1 & 3- lecture and text notes

Question 1

Abnormal psychology

Answer 1

the scientific study of abnormal behavior in an effort to describe,predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning

Question 2

Norms

Answer 2

A society’s stated and unstated rules for proper conduct

Question 3

Culture

Answer 3

A people’s common history, values, institutions, habits, skills, technology and arts.

Question 4

The four D’s of Abnormal Behavior

Answer 4

Deviance
Distress
Dysfunction
Danger

Question 5

All forms of therapy have these features (3)

Answer 5

A sufferer who seeks relief
A trained socially accepted healer
a series of contacts between the healer and sufferer.

Question 6

What is treatment/therapy?

Answer 6

a systematic process for helping people overcome their psychological difficulties. It may differ from problem and from therapist to therapist but it typically includes a patient, a therapist and a series of therapeutic contacts.

Question 7

Humors

Answer 7

according to the Greeks and Romans, bodily chemicals that influence mental and physical functioning.

Question 8

The cause of abnormal behavior to the Greeks

Answer 8

Humors
Black bile
Yellow bile
blood and phlegm

Question 9

Moral treatment

Answer 9

a 19th century approach to treating people with mental dysfunction that emphasized moral guidance and humors and respectful treatment

Question 10

asylum

Answer 10

a type of institution that first became popular in the 16th century to provide care for persons with mental disorders. Most became virtual prisons.

Question 11

somatogenic perspective

Answer 11

the view that abnormal psychological functioning has physical causes

Question 12

psychogenic perspective

Answer 12

the view that the chief causes of abnormal functioning are psychological.

Question 13

psychoanalysis

Answer 13

either the therapy or the treatment if abnormal mental functioning that emphasizes unconscious psychological forces as the cause of psychopathology

Question 14

Psychotropic medications

Answer 14

drugs that mainly affect the brain and reduce many symptoms of mental dysfunctioning.

Question 15

How was abnormality viewed in the past?

Answer 15

Evil spirits/ the Devil
Imbalance of 4 bodily fluids
Physical factors

Question 16

Antipsychotic drugs

Answer 16

correct extremely confused and distorted thinking

Question 17

Antidepressant drugs

Answer 17

lift the mood of depressed people

Question 18

Antianxiety drugs

Answer 18

reduce tension and worry

Question 19

deinstitutionalization

Answer 19

the practice that began in the 1960’s of releasing hundreds of thousands of patients from public mental hospitals

Question 20

prevention

Answer 20

interventions aimed at deterring disorders before they develop

Question 21

positive psychology

Answer 21

the study and enhancement of positive feelings, traits and abilities

Question 22

multicultural psychology

Answer 22

the field that examines the impact if culture, race, gender, and similar factors on our behaviors and focuses on how such factors may influence abnormal behavior

Question 23

managed care program

Answer 23

a system if health care coverage in which the insurance company largely controls nature, scope and cost of services

Question 24

case study

Answer 24

a detailed account of a person’s life and psychological problems

Question 25

Correlation

Answer 25

the degree to which events or characteristics vary along with each other

Question 26

correlational method

Answer 26

a research procedure used to determine how much events or characteristics vary along with each other

Question 27

epidemiological study

Answer 27

a study that measures the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a given population

Question 28

longitudinal study

Answer 28

a study that observes the same participants on many occasions over a long period of time

Question 29

independent variable

Answer 29

the variable in an experiment that is manipulated to determine whether it has an effect on another variable

Question 30

dependent variable

Answer 30

the variable in an experiment that is expected to change as the independent variable is manipulated

Question 31

idiographic

Answer 31

individual information about a patient

Question 32

Assessment

Answer 32

the collecting if relevant information in an effort to reach a conclusion

Question 33

Clinical assessment

Answer 33

used to determine how and why a person is behaving abnormally and how that person may be helped

Question 34

standardization

Answer 34

the process in which a test is administered to a large group of people whose performance then serves as a standard or norm against which any individual's score can be measured

Question 35

reliability

Answer 35

a measure of the consistency of test or research results

Question 36

validity

Answer 36

the accuracy of a test's or study's results, that is, the extent to which the test or study actually measures or shows what it claims

Question 37

predictive validity

Answer 37

a tool's ability to predict future characteristics or behavior

Question 38

concurrent validity

Answer 38

the degree to which the measures gathered from one tool agree with the measures gathered from other assessment techniques

Question 39

mentalstatus exam

Answer 39

a set of interview questions and observations designed to reveal the degree and nature of a client's abnormal functioning

Question 40

test

Answer 40

a device for gathering information about a few aspects of a person's psychological functioning from which broader information about the person can be inferred

Question 41

projective test

Answer 41

a test consisting of ambiguous material that people interpret or respond to Rorschach and TAT

Question 42

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Answer 42

A series of pictures that the patient must tell a story about.

Question 43

personality inventory

Answer 43

a test designed to measure broad personality characteristics, consisting of statements about behaviors, beliefs, and feelings that people evaluate as either characteristics or uncharacteristic of them.

Question 44

response inventories

Answer 44

tests designed to measure a person's responses in one specific area of functioning,such as affect, social skills or cognitive processes

Question 45

affective inventories

Answer 45

measure the severity of such emotions as anxiety, depression and anger Beck Depression Inventory

Question 46

social skills inventories

Answer 46

used particularly by behavioral and family social clinicians, to indicate how they would react in a variety if social situations

Question 47

Cognitive inventories

Answer 47

reveal a person's typical thoughts and assumptions and can uncover counter productive patterns of thinking

Question 48

neuroimaging techniques

Answer 48

tests that provide images of brain structure or activity CT/CAT scans MRI/fMRi PET

Question 49

DSM-IV

Answer 49

The diagnostic manual that contains over 400 diagnoses