Chapter 1-3 Intro and History

Question 1

What instrument uses ultrasound to detect flaws in metals?

Answer 1

Reflectoscope

Question 2

What instrument was designed to be used underwater for recording or listening to underwater sound?

Answer 2

Hydrophone

Question 3

What mode displays the depth of the returning echo represented on the x-axis and the strength (amplitude) of the reflector represented along the y-axis?

Answer 3

A-mode

Question 4

What technology is used to analyze the relative stiffness of a mass?

Answer 4

Elastography

Question 5

Triplex imaging includes which of the following?

Answer 5

B-mode, spectral Doppler and color Doppler

Question 6

Which testing method utilizes information gathered from one area of the body to predict disease in another part of the body?

Answer 6

Indirect

Question 7

A technology that uses a computer system to obtain measurement of images, such as fetal biometry, is said to be?

Answer 7

Automated Biometry

Question 8

What is an alteration in the normal structure or number of a chromosome?

Answer 8

Chromososmal Anomaly

Question 9

What mode captures the movement of structures along a single scan line represented over time?

Answer 9

M-mode

Question 10

Which of the following is not considered a medium through which sound can travel?

Answer 10

Vacuum

Question 11

The “Father of Ultrasound”

Answer 11

Lezzaro Spallanzani

Question 12

What material is most commonly used in transducers to generate the Piezoelectric Effect?

Answer 12

Lead zirconate titante - FYI: a piezoelectric ceramic material with a crystalline, perovskite structure

Question 13

Who established the pebble theory?

Answer 13

Boethius

Question 14

What technology does sonography assist in administering radioactive materials close to or within a cancerous tumor?

Answer 14

Brachytherapy, Ultrasound-guided

Question 15

Who first recognized the frequency shift that is created when sound impinges upon a moving object?

Answer 15

Christian Doppler

Question 16

What is the term for an abnormality with which someone is born?

Answer 16

Congenital Anomoly

Question 17

Provides distance between transducer and skin surface in order to get a better image of superficial structures; a manufactured aqueous gel pad, bag of saline or large amount of gel could be used.

Answer 17

Standoff Device

Question 18

What ultrasound mode do we use today to acquire routine grayscale images?

Answer 18

B-mode

Question 19

What type of scanner allows for contrast visual imaging of anatomy as if one were watching a movie?

Answer 19

Real Time

Question 20

Who was the first to use diagnostic ultrasound in the United States?

Answer 20

George Ludwig; gallstones, in a-mode

Question 21

What is sound?

Answer 21

A form of energy that’s produced when a vibrating source causes molecules within a medium to move back and forth. This movement allows waves of sound energy to travel.

Question 22

What are acoustics?

Answer 22

The scientific study of sound. Franciscan friar Marin Mersenne was the 1st to measure the velocity of sound “father of acoustics.”

Question 23

What is the pebble theory and who created it?

Answer 23

Identified by Boethius who visualized sound waves traveling like the ripples/waves created by a pebble when dropped in water. Da Vinci assumed the sound traveled in wave; he is identified as the person who thought of angle of reflection = angle of incidence.

Question 24

What is Robert Boyle credited with?

Answer 24

Recognized there must be a medium through which sound can travel in order for it to propagate. He laid the groundwork for the use of coupling gel!

Question 25

Who is Abbe Lazzaro Spallanzani?

Answer 25

The “Father of Ultrasound”. He studied how bats use sound waves to detect their prey and also guide their flight. By doing this we can recognize how the ultrasound transmitter utilizes the pulse-echo technique.

Question 26

Who is Christian Doppler?

Answer 26

He discovered that the pitch of a sound wave varies if the source of the sound is moving (Doppler effect).

Question 27

What did the Currie brothers do?

Answer 27

Recognizing the Piezoelectric effect; material such as a crystal generates electricity and changes shape when pressure is applied to it.