Chapter 1-3 Flashcards
Micro 257
Who is Robert Hooke?
An English microscopist, who in 1665, noted the ‘“microscopical mushroom’” which was so detailed that it was later identified as bread mold. This scientist established instructions to make a single lens microscope.
Who is Francesco Redi?
An Italian biologist and physician, who in 1668 challenged spontaneous generation. This scientist proved maggots came from fly eyes using a gauze experiment. ~200 years later conclusive evidence was given.
Who is Antony van Leeuwenhoek?
A Dutch Fabric Merchant who in 1673 created a single lens microscope made of a handle, focus screw, specimen holder, and lens with 300x magnification. This scientist determined that there are 2 types o of microbes: acellular and microorganism.
Who is Carl Linnaues?
A Swedish Botanist, Zoologist, and Physician who in the 1700s developed the binomial system of nomenclature. The first part of the name is the genus, the second part the species.
Who is John Needham?
A scientist and Catholic Priest who in 1749 proved microorganisms grow even with brief boiling. This scientist suggested microorganisms arise spontaneously and used corks during experiments, but this causes issues because corks are porous.
What event began in 1775 between Needham and Spallanzani?
American Revolution.
Who is Lazzaro Spallanzani?
An animal physiologist and priest who in 1776 disproved Needham, but his processes differed so the controversy continued. This scientist boiled brothers longer, melted glass necks to ensure sterility by keeping air out, and noted that cracked glass led to growth noted by broth cloudiness.
How long did the American Revolution last?
1775-1783
What was introduced in 1796?
Smallpox vaccination
How long did the Civil War last?
1861-1865
Who is Louis Pasteur?
A French chemist who in 1861 disproved the ‘vital force’ theory which led to the theory of bio-genesis. This scientist was known as the Father of Modern Microbiology and he established that air contains microorganisms which he proved with a cotton plug experiment.
Lister published what in 1867?
First work on antiseptic surgery published.
Who is John Tyndall?
An English pysicist who in 1876 verified Pasteurs works. This scientist’s works provided that various types of broth have different sterilization boiling times and that there are two types of cells: heat-resistant and non-heat-resistant.
Who is Ferdinand Cohn?
A German botanist who in 1876 discovered Endospores are both dormant and heat-resistant. Note that endospores were not were not present in Pasteur’s experiments because conditions differed.
Who is Robert Koch?
A German physician and microbiologist who in 1881 introduced pure culture techniques. A bounder of bacteriology.
