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Comm102 > Chapter 1-3 > Flashcards

Chapter 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

Communication

A

The process where by humans collectively create and regulate social reality.

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2
Q

Communicative Competence

A

ability to communicate in a personally effective and socially appropriate manner.

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3
Q

Process Competence

A

the cognitive activity and knowledge that allows individuals to generate preformative competence; everything we know in order to communicate competently.

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4
Q

Implicit Knowledge

A

knowledge we don’t stop to think about, that we use unconsciously to guide our behavior.

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5
Q

Interpretive Competence

A

the ability to label, organize, and interpret the conditions surrounding an interaction.

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6
Q

Role Competence

A

The ability to take on social roles and know what is appropriate behavior given these roles.

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7
Q

Message Competence

A

Ability to make message choices that others can comprehend as well as to attend to and understand the message choice of others.

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8
Q

Verbal Competence

A

Using language effectively

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9
Q

Nonverbal competence

A

Using nonverbal codes effectively

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10
Q

Listening competence

A

Processing messages effectively

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11
Q

Culture

A

The set of values, beliefs, customs, and codes that bind people together.

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12
Q

approximeeting

A

Tendency to avoid scheduling specific appointments.

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13
Q

Sexting

A

Using cell phones to send suggetive photos of oneself to others.

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14
Q

process perspective

A

becoming aware of what’s going on when you communicate, and beginning to recognize how the underlying processes involved in communication manifest themselves in everyday preformance.

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15
Q

Situational Approach

A

belief that interpersonal communication occurs whenever two people are in face to face interactions regardless of the intimacy of that interaction.

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16
Q

Developmental Approach

A

Belief that interpersonal communication occurs only when two people get to know each other deeply, by exchanging information at the psychological level

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17
Q

Interpersonal Communication

A

Communication between two people, generally face-to-face interaction.
Ex: asking a profesor what will be on test.

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18
Q

Dyadic Communication

A

two person communication; another name for interpersonal communication.
-spontaneous, informal, flexible roles, maximum feedback.

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19
Q

Small-group Communication

A

Communication among three or more individuals in which each member knows every other member and can interact freely with all others.
Ex: group projects

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20
Q

Organizational Communication

A

Communication in large businesses or industries and government institutions.
ex: communication in army

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21
Q

Face-to-face Public Communication

A

When a speaker adresses a large group simultaneously.

ex: presidental canidate adressing a national convention.

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22
Q

Mediated Public(or mass) Communication

A

Audience is large but transmission is indirect.

Ex:nightly news broadcast.

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23
Q

Relationships as Constellations of Behaviors

A

A relationship is equivant to the interdependent actions of two people; the way two people behave toward each other is their relationship.

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24
Q

Relationships as Cognitive Constructs

A

A relationship is the way we think about out behaviors.

ex: interacting with another person, forming mental image and compare to prototype

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25
Q

Relationships as Mini-Cultures

A

People in relationships create unique understandings and values that constitue their relational culture.

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26
Q

Relationships as Collections of Contradictory Forces

A

Relationships can be defined by the ways in which partners view and resolve dialectical tensions.

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27
Q

What are the characteristics of relationships?

A
  1. Interpersonal relationships begin with awareness.
    - looking up and seeing someone staring at you.
  2. Interpersonal relationships develop through coordinated interaction.
    - welcome interaction to lead to development of deeper relationship
  3. As relationships unfold, we begin to analyze and evaluate them.
    - mental representations
  4. Our relationships are influenced by outside forces
    - cultural norms&media models, approval of family&friends, when surroundings are stressful relationship suffers.
  5. Our relationships can control us as much as we control them.
  6. Relationships are constructed and maintained through communication.
    - we recreate and refine everytime we communicate.
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28
Q

Memory Organization Packets(MOPS)

A

Memories of what has happend in the relationship; helps us stabilize and define the relationship. ex:breakups

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29
Q

Relational Prototype

A

A mental guide that specifies what a certain kind of relationship should look like.

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30
Q

Natural Language Label

A

Words or word we use to describe a relationship. ex: friend

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31
Q

Criteral Attributes

A

Characteristics a relationship must have to be classifed by a given language label ex: trust shown by keeping secrets.

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32
Q

Private Relationships

A

Close, personal relationships; makes difference who partner is. Rules of behavior are individualistic, Rewards intrinsic.

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33
Q

Public Relationship

A

Relationships that are formal and distant; members substitutable and autonomous, rules are normative, rewards are extrinsic

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34
Q

Relationshipping

A

the process of building and maintaining healthy relationships.

35
Q

Characteristics of Healthy Relationships

A
  1. There is a shared vision of where the relationship is and where it is going.
  2. There ar clear rules that have been mutually negotiated and that work to benefit the relationship itself.
  3. There is a shared work ethic. (relational work)
  4. Metacommunication is valued.
36
Q

Spontaneous Communication

A

A sender’s nonvoluntary display of inner emotional states and a receiver’s direct and immediate sensory awareness of those states. (Natural Gestures)

37
Q

Symbolic Communication

A

The use of arbitrary symbols, socially defined and intended to convey specific messages. ex: walking around with a saggy posture and hangdog face to get sympathy.

38
Q

Power of Nonverbal Cues

A
  1. Are frequently given more credence and are trusted more than verbal communication
  2. More emotional powerful, can remember smells better than objects.
  3. While influence by culture, do express more universal meaning. 6universal facial expression
  4. Continuous and natural; are immediate
  5. Occur in clusters; serval channels.
39
Q

Status

A

is conveyed by nonverbal cues indicating how important or influential we think we are compared to others.

40
Q

Complementing

A

Nonverbal elaboration of verbal message.

41
Q

Accenting

A

Nonverbals that underline or focus attention on a specific word or phrase.
Ex: pounding fist saying “i’ve had it!”

42
Q

Repeating

A

Doing a nonverbal behavior that has the same meaning as the verbal message.
Ex: saying yes and nodding.

43
Q

Regulating

A

Using nonverbal behaviors to facilitate and manage the flow of conversation.
-nonverbals are responsible for smoothness of taking turns, avoiding long pauses, changing topics, signaling end of conversation.

44
Q

Proxemics

A

Nonverbal code involving the use and interpretations of physical space to communicate.

45
Q

Three Dimentions

A

Arousal-nonarousal, dominance-submissiveness, and pleasure-displeasure.

46
Q

Territoriality

A

The legal or assumed ownership of space.

  • public territory
  • interactional territory
  • home territories
  • body territory
47
Q

Personal Space

A

Imaginary and flexible bubble extending out from one’s body and used to regulate conversational distance between communicators.

48
Q

Kinesics

A

Study of body movements such as gestures, posture, and head, trunk, and limb movements.

49
Q

Emblems

A

Gestures that can easily be translated into vocal statements.

50
Q

Illustrators

A

Nonverbal behaviors thst accompany speech, often emphasizing particular words or painting a picture of what is being said.
Ex: hand batons

51
Q

Affect Display

A

Nonverbal cued that signal emotions. Ex: Tantrum

52
Q

Regulators

A

Nonverbals that help control interaction flow. Ex: leaning forward to engage in conversation.

53
Q

Self-Adaptors

A

Manipulations of your own body.

Ex: chewing your nails.

54
Q

Object-Adaptors

A

Material objects used in the tension management process.

Ex: smoking

55
Q

Gaze

A

Using sight to monitor and regulate another’s behavior or to express emotions.

56
Q

Looking

A

Gazing in the direction of the other’s eyes.

57
Q

Seeing

A

Visual contact with the whole person.

58
Q

Facial Blend

A

A mixture of traces of various emotions on the face, such as fear&anger.

59
Q

Leakage Cues

A

Unintended signs of our real feelings.

60
Q

Physical Apperance

A

Nonverbal code that includes facial features, skin, hair color, hairstyle, and body shape and our manipulation of these festures to communicate messages.

61
Q

Body Types

A

A person’s body structure (thin, muscular, plump)

62
Q

Body Symmetry

A

The extent to which both sides of the body (or face) mirror each other.

63
Q

Body Proportionality

A

(Phi ratio) relative length, size, or distance between related physical features. Ex: waist-to-hip ratio F

64
Q

Vocalics

A

Meanings reflected in the sounds of the voice itself (paralinguistics) apart from the content of a verbal message; not what you say but how you say it.

65
Q

Vocal Qualities

A

Includes loudness, pitch, inflection, tempo, rhythm, intensity, articulation, snd resonance.

66
Q

Vocal Characteristics

A

More specific sounds that we may occasionally recognize as speech acts themselves. Ex: laughing

67
Q

Vocal Segregates

A

Sounds that get in the way of fluent speech, “uhm”, stuttering and uncomfortable silences.

68
Q

Chronemics

A

Interpreting messaged associated with time.

69
Q

Olfaction

A

Meanings associated with smells emitted by the human body.

70
Q

Haptics

A

Nonverbal code of touch.

71
Q

Compensation

A

Reaction to a nonverbal violation by doing the opposite of what the violator did.
Ex: someone sitting next to you when there are many open seats.

72
Q

Reciprocation

A

We react in kind to a change that has occured.
Ex: someone moving in close, we move close or get up
>if you have high arousal you will get up.

73
Q

Expectancy Violations Theory

A

Explains how violations of expectations about nonverbal closeness are interpreted, what factors influence those interpretations and how people respond to such violations
2 key factors:
Violation Valence & Reward Value of other person.

74
Q

Violation Valence

A

Our perception of the positive or negative value of the violating behavior itself.

75
Q

Cognitive Valence Theory

A

Builds on expectancy violations theory by specifying additional factors, including perception of the violation, arousal level, and relevant cognitive schemata- that help explain reactions to violations.

76
Q

Equivocal Communication

A

Messages that are ambiguous, uncertain, or open to more than one equally appropriate interpretation.

77
Q

Emotions

A

Transitory social roles involving one’s assessment of a social situation that are experienced as passions rather than actions. Ex: crying at funeral.

78
Q

Four Types of Messages?

A

Verbal/Vocal: communication through the spoken word.
Verbal/Nonvocal: words are involved but no speaking takes place. ex:writing
Nonverbal/Vocal: vocalizations where no words are spoken. ex: groans
Nonverbal/Nonverbal: involves only gestures and apperance. ex: looking angry

79
Q

Monochromic

A

Linear in time, time is money, scheduled, planning, interruptions frowned upon.

80
Q

Polychromic

A

Multiple things at once.

81
Q

Nonverbal Codes : Silence

A
  • can create a wide range of emotions and ideas, not valued in Western cultures.
  • seen as lack of initative or attention, problematic in work situations, school and interpersonal situations.
  • can make use nervous
82
Q

Self competence

A

Ability to choose and present a desired self image.

83
Q

Goal competence

A

Ability to set goals, anticipate probable consequences, and choose effective lines of action.

Comm102 (2 decks)

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