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ACSM Certified Personal Trainer > Chapter 1-3 > Flashcards

Chapter 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

Contraindication

A

In medicine, a contraindication is a condition or factor that serves as a reason to withhold a certain medical treatment.

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2
Q

PAR-Q

A

Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire

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3
Q

WHP

A

Worksite Health Promotion - A combination of educational, organizational and environmental activities and programs designed to motivate and support healthy lifestyles among a company’s employees and their families.”

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4
Q

Manual Resistance

A

When a personal trainer substitutes their strength to provide resistance to the client’s exercise movement.

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5
Q

Anterior

A

The front of the body; ventral

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6
Q

Posterior

A

The back of the body; dorsal

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7
Q

Superficial

A

Located close to or on the body surface

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8
Q

Deep

A

Below the surface

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9
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to any reference point

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10
Q

Distal

A

Farther from any reference point

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11
Q

Superior

A

Toward the head; higher (cephalic)

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12
Q

Inferior

A

Away from the head; lower (caudal)

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13
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline of the body

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14
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body; to the side

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15
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On the same side

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16
Q

Contralateral

A

On the opposite side

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17
Q

Unilateral

A

One side

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18
Q

Bilateral

A

Both sides

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19
Q

Prone

A

Lying face down

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20
Q

Supine

A

Lying face up

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21
Q

Valgus

A

Abnormal position in which distal segment of a joint is bent away from the midline

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22
Q

Varus

A

Abnormal position in which distal segment of a joint is bent toward the midline

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23
Q

Arm

A

The region from the shoulder to elbow

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24
Q

Forearm

A

The region from the elbow to the wrist

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25
Q

Thigh

A

The region from the hip to the knee

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26
Q

Leg

A

The region from the knee to the ankle

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27
Q

Kinesiology

A

The study of the mechanics of human movement; specifically muscles, joints, skeletal structures

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28
Q

Biomechanics

A

The study of the motion and causes of motion of living things.

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29
Q

Kinematics

A

Human motion

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30
Q

Kinetics

A

Causes of human motion; reaction.

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31
Q

Gait

A

Manner of walking

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32
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Standing erect with feet together and upper limbs positioned at the sides, palms facing forward, thumbs facing away, and fingers extended.

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33
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Divides the body into right/left

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34
Q

Frontal/Coronal Plane

A

Divides the body into anterior and posterior

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35
Q

Transverse/Cross-Sectional/Axial/Horizontal Plane

A

Divides the body into superior and inferior

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36
Q

Center of Gravity

A

Theoretical point where the weight force of the object can be considered to act.

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37
Q

Line of Gravity

A

Vertical line passing through the Center of Gravity

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38
Q

Flexion

A

Bending or being bent

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39
Q

Extension

A

Straightening or extending

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40
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the midline of the body in the frontal plane

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41
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward the midline of the body in the frontal plane

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42
Q

Horizontal Abduction

A

Movement away from the midline of the body in the transverse plane

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43
Q

Horizontal Adduction

A

Movement toward the midline of the body in the transverse plane

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44
Q

Internal (medial) Rotation

A

Rotation toward the midline of the body in the transverse plane

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45
Q

External (lateral) Rotation

A

Rotation away from the midline of the body in the transverse plane

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46
Q

Lateral Flexion (right or left)

A

Movement away from the midline of the body in the frontal plane, usually used to describe neck and trunk movement

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47
Q

Rotation (right or left)

A

Right or left rotation in the transverse plane

48
Q

Elevation

A

Movement of the scapula superiorly in the frontal plane (shrug)

49
Q

Depression

A

Movement of the scapula inferiorly in the frontal plane (shrug)

50
Q

Retraction

A

Movement of the scapula toward the midline in the frontal plane (rowing)

51
Q

Protraction

A

Movement of the scapula away from the midline in the frontal plane (push-up)

52
Q

Upward Rotation

A

Superior and lateral movement of the inferior angle of the scapula in the frontal plane (shoulder press)

53
Q

Downward Rotation

A

Inferior and medial movement of the inferior angle of the scapula in the frontal plane (pull-up)

54
Q

Circumduction

A

A compound circular movement of a limb involving flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

55
Q

Radial Deviation

A

Abduction of the wrist in the frontal plane

56
Q

Ulnar Deviation

A

Adduction of the wrist in the frontal plane

57
Q

Opposition

A

Diagonal movement of thumb across the palmar surface of the hand to make contact with the fifth digit

58
Q

Eversion

A

Abducting the ankle

59
Q

Inversion

A

Adducting the ankle

60
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Flexion of the ankle, moving the foot anteriorly in the sagittal plane

61
Q

Plantarflexion

A

Extension of the ankle, moving the foot posteriorly in the sagittal plane

62
Q

Pronation (foot/ankle)

A

Upward movement of foot including eversion, abduction and dorsiflexion

63
Q

Supination (foot/ankle)

A

Downward movement of foot including inversion, adduction and plantarflexion

64
Q

Axial vs Appendicular Skeleton

A

Axial skeleton - bones such as the skull, ribs and vertebrae that form a sort of main vertical axis. Appendicular - Everything else

65
Q

Diaphysis

A

Bone shaft

66
Q

Epiphysis

A

Bone end. Covered with articular cartilage.

67
Q

Cartilage

A

Resilient, semi-rigid form of connective tissue that reduces friction and absorbs shock in synovial joints. (meniscus)

68
Q

Metaphysis

A

Where the Diaphysis and Epiphysis meet

69
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

The space inside the Diaphysis, containing marrow

70
Q

Endosteum

A

Lining of the Medullary Cavity containing cells necessary for bone development

71
Q

Periosteum

A

Membrane covering the surface of bones except at the articular surfaces. Serves as a point of attachment for ligaments and tendons. Critical for bone growth, repair, and nutrition

72
Q

Articular

A

Relating to joints

73
Q

Compact Bone

A

Dense bone, forming the external layer of all bones and providing support for weight bearing

74
Q

Cancellous Bone

A

Spongy bone, provides strength against stress

75
Q

Five bone types

A

Long, Short, Flat, Irregular, Sesamoid

76
Q

Ligaments

A

Tissues anchoring bone to bone

77
Q

Synarthrodial Joints

A

Joints that don’t move

78
Q

Synovial (Diarthrodial) Joint

A

Most common type of joint. Enclosed by joint capsule, lined with synovial membrane, filled with fluid, covered with cartilage.

79
Q

Amphiarthrodial Joints

A

Joints with limited movement that are held together by ligaments or fibrocartilage

80
Q

Synovial Membrane

A

Produces synovial fluid which lubricates the joint to reduce friction

81
Q

Arthrodial (Plane) Joint

A

Synovial joint. Gliding and sliding movements. (carpal bones)

82
Q

Ginglymus (Hinge) Joint

A

Synovial joint. Uniaxial movements (elbow and knee)

83
Q

Condyloid (Ellipsoidal) Joint

A

Synovial joint. Biaxial. (wrist)

84
Q

Sellar (Saddle) Joint

A

Synovial joint. Unique joint that permits movements in all planes, including opposition. (thumb)

85
Q

Enarthrodial (Ball-and-Socket) Joint

A

Synovial Joint. Multiaxial joint that permits movements in all directions. (shoulder, hip)

86
Q

Trochoidal (Pivot) Joint

A

Synovial joint. Uniaxial joint that permits limited rotation (proximal radioulnar, neck)

87
Q

Open Chain Movement

A

Joint movement in which the distal segment of the joint is moving (leg extension machine exercise)

88
Q

Closed Chain Movement

A

Joint movement in which the distal segment of the joint is fixed (standing squats)

89
Q

Open Pack Position

A

Joint position when there is the most looseness

90
Q

Closed Pack Position

A

Joint position when there is the most tightness

91
Q

Range of Motion (ROM)

A

Degree of movement of a joint.

92
Q

Hypermobile Joints

A

Joints with excessive ROM

93
Q

Hypomobile Joints

A

Joints with restricted ROM

94
Q

Skeletal Muscles

A

Responsible for moving the skeletal system and stabilizing the body

95
Q

Tendons

A

Dense cords of connective tissue that attach a muscle to the bone

96
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Flat, broad tendons

97
Q

Parallel Muscle

A

Muscle with long fibers arranged parallel to each other.

98
Q

Pennate Muscle

A

Muscle that attaches to its tendon at an angle.

99
Q

Fusiform

A

Muscles with parallel arrangement and spindle shaped, tapering at each end

100
Q

Quadrate

A

Four-sided, flat muscles with parallel arrangement

101
Q

Fan-shaped (triangular)

A

Parellel muscles that radiate from a narrow attachment at one end to a broad attachment at the other

102
Q

Unipennate

A

Pennate muscle with fibers on only one side of the tendon

103
Q

Bipennate

A

Pennate muscle with fibers on both sides of a centrally positioned tendon

104
Q

Multipennate

A

Pennate muscle with multiple rows and a central tendon branching into two or more tendons

105
Q

Uniarticular

A

Muscles that cause movement at one joint

106
Q

Biarticular

A

Muscles that cause movement at two joints

107
Q

Multiarticular

A

Muscles that cause movement at more than two joints

108
Q

Origin

A

End of the muscle that is fixed during joint movement.

109
Q

Insertion

A

End of the muscle that moves during joint movement.

110
Q

Agonist or Prime Mover

A

Muscles that cause motion

111
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscles that relax to permit the primary movement

112
Q

Synergist

A

Muscle that assists another muscle to accomplish a movement.

113
Q

Co-Contraction

A

Simultaneous contraction of the agonist and antagonist

114
Q

Thoracic Cage

115
Q

Joint

A

Connection between two or more bones, especially one that allows motion.

116
Q

Belly

A

Bulging, central part of a muscle.

ACSM Certified Personal Trainer (2 decks)

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