Chapter 1, 3, 4 Flashcards
What is psychology?
scientific study of behavior, thought, experience
What method does psychology use?
scientific method
What does the biological perspective focus on?
genes, brain, anatomy and function, and evolution
What are examples of the biological perspective?
Genetics of behavior and psychological disorders
Brain-behavior relationships
Drug effects
What does the psychological perspective focus on?
Behavior, perception, thought, and experience
What are examples of the biological perspective?
Language
Memory
Decision Making
Personality
What does the sociocultural perspective focus on?
Interpersonal relationships, families, groups, societies, and ethnicities
What are examples of the biological perspective?
Attraction
Attitudes and stereotypes
Conformity
In Scientific Literacy, what question does Knowledge Gathering ask?
What do we know about this?
In Scientific Literacy, what question does Scientific Explanation ask?
How can science explain it?
In Scientific Literacy, what question does Critical Thinking ask?
Can we critically evaluate the evidence?
In Scientific Literacy, what question does Application ask?
Why is this relevant?
What is critical thinking?
involves exercising curiosity and skepticism when evaluating the claims of others, and with our own assumptions and beliefs
What are the core set of habits and skills for developing critical thinking?
Be curious Not all research is of equal quality Examine assumptions and biases Try to keep emotions out of the process Tolerate ambiguity Consider alternative viewpoints and interpretations of the evidence
What is empiricism?
Knowledge through experience
What is determinism?
Events governed by lawful, cause-and-effect relationships that didn’t develop until the 1800’s
Who delayed the science of psychology?
Zeitgeist
What is materialism?
the belief that other living beings are composed exclusively of physical matter
Early experimentation and research was conducted by who?
Physicists and physiologists
What is psychophysics?
the study of the relationship between the physical world and the mental representation of that world
Fechner is discussed what principles?
Sensation and perception
Darwin is responsible for what?
Natural selection
What is natural selection?
Behaviors
Emotional expressions
What did medicine contribute to?
the biological perspective and clinical psychology
What is clinical psychology?
focus on diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders
What is brain localization?
Certain parts of the brain control certain mental abilities and also personality characteristics
What is phrenology?
Developed by Franz Gall; Belief that different lumps consisted of 27 organs and they represented different personality traits
What did Paul Broca do?
Looked where damaged was localized in the brain
What did Wernicke do?
Looked at brain damage
What is Wernicke’s area?
Area in the brain that if damaged causes language to sound “jumbled up”
Who was Mesmer?
Australian who believed in hypnosis practicing in Paris that believed he could use magnets to cure disease or insanity
What is psychosomatic medicine?
Another name for hypnosis
What did Freud?
Used cocaine to treat many patients
Emphasis in hypnosis which lead to psychoanalysis theory
What it he psychoanalysis theory?
Psychological approach that attempts to explain how behavior and personality are influenced by unconscious processes
