chapter 1-3 Flashcards
This generation prefers to be tech-savvy and multi-tasking and working in collaborative efforts.
Generation Z or Post-Millennials (1997-2012)
Generation Z is characterized by their comfort with technology and a preference for teamwork.
This generation is focused on personal growth, and interested in removing outdated work models.
The Baby Boomers (1946-1964)
Baby Boomers emphasize development and modernization in the workplace.
This generation gives information on a ‘need to know’ basis, and is very respectful of the workplace hierarchy.
Matures/Traditionalists or (pre-1946)
Known as ‘silent’ because they prioritize career over activism.
This generation is interested in interpersonal communication, gently questions the status quo, and wants to see the big picture of the organization.
Generation Y or Millennials (1981-1996)
Millennials value communication and organizational vision.
The first generation born into the digital world. They do not know a world without computers.
Generation X (1965-1980)
Generation X is often seen as a bridge between analog and digital technology.
An approach to collecting data on a population’s health and nutrition status in which data collection occurs regularly and repeatedly.
Surveillance
Surveillance is crucial for monitoring public health trends.
A course of action chosen by public authorities to address a given problem.
Policy
Policies are essential for guiding public health initiatives.
Factors associated with an increased probability of acquiring a disease.
Risk Factors
Identifying risk factors is key to disease prevention.
Community-based programs conducted by a government agency whose official mandate is the delivery of health services to individuals living in a particular area.
Programs
These programs aim to improve community health outcomes.
A group of people who are located in a particular space, have shared values, and interact within a social system.
Community
Community engagement is vital for effective public health strategies.
A health promotion activity aimed at changing the behavior of a target audience.
Intervention
Interventions are designed to enhance health and wellness.
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
Health
Health is more than just the absence of disease; it encompasses overall well-being.
Instruments used by community nutritionists to seek behavior changes that improve nutritional status and health.
Public Health Nutrition
Public Health Nutrition focuses on promoting healthy eating habits within communities.
a set of nationwide guidelines that specify how the nutritional needs of the American people will be met
National Nutrition Policy
The US utilizes a decentralized approach, there is no Federal Nutrition Office
True, we have multiple organizations
Nutrition policy covers
Public health, defense, commerce, agriculture, exports, and foreign relations.
Examples of
national nutrition policy
Food assistance programs.
National nutrition and health objectives of healthy people 2030.
Regulations are in place to safeguard the food supply and ensure the proper handling of food products.
Food labeling legislation.
Monitoring and surveillance programs.
Dietary guidance systems (DRIs, DGAs, MyPlate)
Nutrition monitoring is a term used for activities such as:
Nutrition screening, nutrition assessment, nutrition surveillance
Nutrition screening
Identifying individuals for nutrition or public health interventions
Nutrition assessment
Assessing dietary status and nutrition-related health status
Nutrition surveillance
Detecting changes in dietary/nutrition status
1990 – Congress passed a legislation establishing the National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Program (NNMRRP)
Measuring the health and nutrition status, food consumption, dietary knowledge, and attitudes about health (maybe like an oral question about which is a better dietary choice)
Measuring food composition and quality of the food supply (also looks at economic status, this is like a more general survey.)
NNMRRP’s 5 areas
- Nutrition status and nutrition related health measurements.
- Food supply determinations.
- Food and nutrient consumption
- Food composition and nutrient databases
- Knowledge, attitudes, and behavior assessments
NNMRRP component
Food supply.
Food purchasing, Acquisition, and consumption.
Overall dietary Eating Pattern and Lifestyle Behaviors.
Nutrition Status.
Nutrition Related Health Measurements.
A Sampling of NHANES Health Exam Tests
Physician exam
Blood pressure
Body fat
Bone density
Dentist oral health exam
Vision test
Hearing test
Fitness
High and weight other body measurements
Balance
Leg circulation and sensation
A Sampling of NHANES Laboratory measurements
Anemia
Cholesterol
glucose measures
Immunization status
kidney function test
lead
Cadmium
Mercury
Liver function test
Nutrition status
Exposure to environmental chemicals
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)
The DRIs are nutrient goals to be achieved over time
Current DRIS represent a major shift from prevention of nutrient deficiencies to prevention of chronic diseases
Used in planning and assessing the diet of individuals and groups
DRIs can be used to set standards for food assistance programs and for licensing group facilities such as daycare centers, nursing homes
DRIs
The Estimated Average Requirement
Recommended Dietary Allowance1 RDA
Adequate Intake AI
Estimated Energy Requirement EER
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range
Tolerable Upper Intake Level UL
Nutrient Intake Standards. Dietary recommendations of other countries and groups
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations are considered sufficient for the maintenance of health in nearly all people
They differ from the DRIs because they are based on slightly different judgment factors and serve different purposes, such as take into consideration people worldwide
DRI and FAO/WHO recommendations generally fall within the same general range
Overarching Themes of the DGAs
The nation has high chronic disease rates
A significant gap exists between actual and optimal eating patterns
Healthy eating patterns based on current scientific evidence
Healthy lifestyle changes are possible at individual and population level
Public policy impacts population-wide outcomes
Food choices impact environment
The 2020-2025 DGAs
Follow: a healthy eating pattern across the lifespan.
Focus on: variety, nutrient density, and amount.
Limit: calories from added sugars and saturated fats and reduce sodium intake
Shift: to healthier food and beverage choices
Support: healthy eating pattern for all.
Understanding the Nutrition Gap. Considerable gap between current nutrition recommendations and consumers’ practices.
In general, recommendations for vegetables, fruit, dairy, oils and wholegrains are not being met
There is overconsumption of sodium, saturated fat, refined grains, solid fats, and added sugars
USDA Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scoring
Measures the degree to which a person’s diet conforms to federal dietary guidelines
Grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy, and protein foods – higher score is achieved with increased intake
Sodium, SFA, and calories from solid fats and added sugars – a high score is achieved by consuming at or below recommendations
The healthy eating index score
59
What are the components of nutrition Policymaking?
Public health and food assistance programs.
Nutrition information and education program.
Food production, fortification, and marketing.
Food safety and labeling.
What are the components for nutrition research?
Nutrition monitoring research.
Nutrient requirements over the life cycle.
Role of nutrition in the etiology, prevention, and treatment of chronic diseases.
Nutrient content of foods.
Nutrient bioavailability and interactions.
Nutrition education research.
Adverse effects of excessive.
Physiological and health effects of herbs and other food components.
what are the components of nutrition monitoring?
Nutrition status and nutrition related health measurements.
Food and nutrient consumption.
Food composition and nutrient databases.
Knowledge, attitudes, and behavior assessments.
Food supply determinations.
NHANESserves as a keystone in nutrition policy
Dietary Intake
Anthropometrics measures
Biochemical measures
Dietary Supplements Use
Physical activity
Consumer behavior
Exposure to Chemicals
Immunization Status
Vision and hearing status.
Dental health.
Goals for healthy people 2030 examples
Goal 1: attain healthy, thriving lives and well being, free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. This goal emphasizes the importance of prevention and health promotion for all people.
Goal 4 promote healthy development, healthy behaviors, and wellbeing across all life stages. This goal emphasizes promotion of health through life cycle and highlight the importance to fit a particular age group since the determinants of health change a person develops.
