Chapter 1-3 Flashcards
What does GIS stand for?
a) Geographic Information System
b) Global Information System
c) Geographical Information Science
d) Geographic Information Services
Geographic Information System
What is the primary function of GIS?
a) To collect and store data
b) To analyze and visualize spatial data
c) To create maps
d) All of the above
All of the above
What are the two main types of geographic data?
a) Vector and Raster
b) Spatial and non-spatial
c) Discrete and continuous
d) Categorical and numerical
Vector and Raster
What is a vector data model?
a) A model that represents geographic features as points, lines, and polygons
b) A model that represents geographic features as cells in a grid
c) A model that represents geographic features as continuous surfaces
d) A model that represents geographic features as elevation values
A model that represents geographic features as points, lines, and polygons
What is a raster data model?
a) A model that represents geographic features as points, lines, and polygons
b) A model that represents geographic features as cells in a grid
c) A model that represents geographic features as continuous surfaces
d) A model that represents geographic features as elevation values
A model that represents geographic features as cells in a grid
What is the importance of map scale?
a) It determines the level of detail shown on a map
b) It helps to understand the relationship between distances on a map and corresponding distances on the ground
c) It is essential for accurate map creation
d) All of the above
All of the above
What is a map projection?
a) A method for transforming the Earth’s three-dimensional surface into a flat map
b) A method for creating a map using geographic coordinates
c) A method for measuring distances on a map
d) A method for representing geographic features accurately
A method for transforming the Earth’s three-dimensional surface into a flat map
What are the three main types of map projections?
a) Conic, cylindrical, and planar
b) Orthographic, stereographic, and gnomonic
c) Equal area, equidistant, and azimuthal
d) All of the above
Conic, cylindrical, and planar
What is a geographic coordinate system (GCS)?
a) A system that uses latitude and longitude to define locations on the Earth’s surface
b) A system that uses a grid to define locations on a map
c) A system that represents geographic features as points, lines, and polygons
d) A system that represents geographic features as cells in a grid
A system that uses latitude and longitude to define locations on the Earth’s surface
What is a datum?
a) A reference point for measuring distances on a map
b) A reference point for defining locations on the Earth’s surface
c) A reference point for creating a map projection
d) A reference point for representing geographic features accurately
A reference point for defining locations on the Earth’s surface
What is the difference between a sphere and a spheroid?
a) A sphere is a perfect circle, while a spheroid is an ellipse
b) A sphere is a three-dimensional shape, while a spheroid is a two-dimensional shape
c) A sphere is a model of the Earth, while a spheroid is a model of a map
d) A sphere is a perfect model of the Earth, while a spheroid is a more accurate model of the Earth
A sphere is a perfect model of the Earth, while a spheroid is a more accurate model of the Earth
What is the purpose of spatial analysis?
a) To understand the relationships between geographic features
b) To identify patterns and trends in spatial data
c) To make informed decisions based on spatial data
d) All of the above
All of the above
What is topological overlay?
a) A method for combining multiple layers of spatial data
b) A method for creating a buffer zone around a geographic feature
c) A method for interpolating missing values in spatial data
d) A method for representing geographic features accurately
A method for combining multiple layers of spatial data
What is Boolean analysis?
a) A method for performing logical operations on spatial data
b) A method for creating a map projection
c) A method for interpolating missing values in spatial data
d) A method for representing geographic features accurately
A method for performing logical operations on spatial data
What is cartographic modeling?
a) A method for creating maps using GIS
b) A method for analyzing spatial data using GIS
c) A method for simulating real-world processes using GIS
d) All of the above
All of the above
What is the difference between deductive and inductive modeling?
a) Deductive modeling starts with a theory and tests it using data, while inductive modeling starts with data and develops a theory
b) Deductive modeling is used for prediction, while inductive modeling is used for explanation
c) Deductive modeling is more complex than inductive modeling
d) Deductive modeling is more accurate than inductive modeling
Deductive modeling starts with a theory and tests it using data, while inductive modeling starts with data and develops a theory
What is the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)?
a) A method for making decisions based on multiple criteria
b) A method for creating a map projection
c) A method for interpolating missing values in spatial data
d) A method for representing geographic features accurately
A method for making decisions based on multiple criteria
What is the purpose of spatial interpolation?
a) To estimate missing values in spatial data
b) To create a smooth, mathematically defined surface from discrete data points
c) To create a map projection
d) To represent geographic features accurately
To estimate missing values in spatial data
What are the two main types of spatial interpolation methods?
a) Global and local
b) Discrete and continuous
c) Vector and raster
d) Spatial and non-spatial
Global and local
What is a Thiessen polygon?
a) A polygon that represents a geographic feature
b) A polygon that is created around a sampling point
c) A polygon that is used to interpolate missing values in spatial data
d) A polygon that is used to create a map projection
A polygon that is created around a sampling point
What is a trend surface analysis?
a) A method for interpolating missing values in spatial data based on the trend of the known values
b) A method for creating a map projection
c) A method for representing geographic features accurately
d) A method for performing logical operations on spatial data
A method for interpolating missing values in spatial data based on the trend of the known values
What is a Fourier series?
a) A method for interpolating missing values in spatial data by overlaying a series of sine and cosine waves
b) A method for creating a map projection
c) A method for representing geographic features accurately
d) A method for performing logical operations on spatial data
A method for interpolating missing values in spatial data by overlaying a series of sine and cosine waves
What is a buffer zone?
a) An area that is within a given distance from a geographic feature
b) An area that is used to represent a geographic feature
c) An area that is used to interpolate missing values in spatial data
d) An area that is used to create a map projection
An area that is within a given distance from a geographic feature
What is spatial overlay?
a) A method for combining multiple layers of spatial data
b) A method for creating a buffer zone around a geographic feature
c) A method for interpolating missing values in spatial data
d) A method for representing geographic features accurately
A method for combining multiple layers of spatial data
What are the four main types of spatial overlay operations?
a) Intersection, union, symmetrical difference, and difference
b) Buffering, overlay, interpolation, and analysis
c) Vector, raster, spatial, and non-spatial
d) Global, local, discrete, and continuous
Intersection, union, symmetrical difference, and difference
What is the purpose of the “piercing needle” approach to topological overlay?
a) To analyze the relationships between geographic features at a specific location
b) To create a buffer zone around a geographic feature
c) To interpolate missing values in spatial data
d) To represent geographic features accurately
To analyze the relationships between geographic features at a specific location
What is the purpose of the “cookie cutter” approach to topological overlay?
a) To analyze the relationships between geographic features within a specific area
b) To create a buffer zone around a geographic feature
c) To interpolate missing values in spatial data
d) To represent geographic features accurately
To analyze the relationships between geographic features within a specific area
What is the purpose of co-occurrence analysis?
a) To identify geographic features that occur at the same location
b) To create a buffer zone around a geographic feature
c) To interpolate missing values in spatial data
d) To represent geographic features accurately
To identify geographic features that occur at the same location
What is the purpose of Boolean analysis?
a) To perform logical operations on spatial data
b) To create a map projection
c) To interpolate missing values in spatial data
d) To represent geographic features accurately
To perform logical operations on spatial data
What is the purpose of the “and” function in Boolean analysis?
a) To identify areas where two geographic features overlap
b) To identify areas where two geographic features are adjacent
c) To identify areas where two geographic features are within a given distance
d) To identify areas where two geographic features are not overlapping
To identify areas where two geographic features overlap
What is the purpose of the “or” function in Boolean analysis?
a) To identify areas where two geographic features overlap
b) To identify areas where two geographic features are adjacent
c) To identify areas where two geographic features are within a given distance
d) To identify areas where two geographic features are not overlapping
To identify areas where two geographic features overlap
What is the purpose of the “not” function in Boolean analysis?
a) To identify areas where two geographic features overlap
b) To identify areas where two geographic features are adjacent
c) To identify areas where two geographic features are within a given distance
d) To identify areas where two geographic features are not overlapping
To identify areas where two geographic features are not overlapping
What is the purpose of the “not” function in Boolean analysis?
a) To identify areas where two geographic features overlap
b) To identify areas where two geographic features are adjacent
c) To identify areas where two geographic features are within a given distance
d) To identify areas where two geographic features are not overlapping
To identify areas where two geographic features are not overlapping
