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Spec Pops > Chapter 1, 3, > Flashcards

Chapter 1, 3, Flashcards

1
Q

Define: Gerontology

The study of…

A

Study of the aged and the aging process

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2
Q

Key Terms

Define: Geriatrics

Clinical specialty related to…

A

…medical interventions with the elderly.

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3
Q

Key Terms

Define: Cohort

e.g., age group.

A

A collection or sampling of individuals who share a common characteristic; such as age group.

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4
Q

Professionalism

Identify 3 appropriate terms for addressing older adults.

Inappropriate: Geezers

A
  • Elders
  • Older adults
  • Elder population
  • Aged
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5
Q

Key Terms

Define: Health

The absence of…

A

…disease or other abnormal condition(s)

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6
Q

Key Terms

Define: Illness

The presence of…

A

…disease or abnormal condition(s)

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7
Q

Key Terms

Define: Well-being

Optimal level of…

A

…functioning for a person’s age and condition

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8
Q

Key Terms

Define: Chronic illness

Any illness or condition that…

A

…cannot be cured but that can be managed through medications, diet, exercise, surgery, and technology.

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9
Q

At what age does senescence or biological decline begin?

Skin begins to lose it’s elasticity at…

A

…30 years of age

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10
Q

At what age do Americans begin to be protected by the Age Discrimination in Employment Act?

Age at which most adolescence consider their parents to be old

A

40 years of age

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11
Q

At what age is one eligible to join AARP?

A

50 years of age

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12
Q

What is the age set by most retirement communities for their residents?

A

55 years of age

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13
Q

What is the federally mandated age to begin collecting Social Security?

A

65 years of age (may vary with birth year)

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14
Q

What age range is considered “Young Old”?

A

65-75 years of age

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15
Q

Identify 3 classifications or characteristics of the “Young Old”?

A
  • Recently retired
  • Grandparents
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16
Q

What age range is considered “Mid Old”?

A

75-85 years of age

17
Q

Identify 3 classifications or characteristics of the “Mid Old”?

A
  • Make modifications in their occupational role performance.
  • Reduce and simplify their lives.
  • Rely more on social systems such as Meals on Wheels, public transportation, and family.
18
Q

What age range is considered “Old Old”?

A

85+ years of age

19
Q

Identify 3 classifications or characteristics of the “Old Old”?

Think: Needs; Residency; Who is caregiver; Type of care needed; etc.

A
  • Attend adult day care.
  • Receive home care.
  • Are subject to nursing home placement.
  • Are reliant on children for care.
20
Q

Identify 3 challenges/needs/requirements faced by the “Old Old.”

A
  • Increased risk for disability.
  • Cardiovascular disease, vision and hearing deficits.
  • Risk for cognitive impairment.
  • High cost of health care as they use more health care resources.
  • More likely than younger persons to be institutionalized but
    more likely to be in the community.
  • Need support for activities of daily living (ADLs).
  • Family provides care, transportation, food, housing.
  • Less formal education.
21
Q

What age range is considered “Oldest of Old”?

Zach’s granny is a…

A

Centenarians; 100+ years of age

22
Q

Identify 3 facts about the “Oldest of Old.”

A
  • Growing in numbers worldwide
  • Lifestyle
  • Genes
  • Socioeconomic state
  • 30% have minimal functional limitations
23
Q

Identify economic demographics for those aged 65+.

Women vs Men; Racial $$ disparities; Employment status; Income source

A
  • Most elders are not impoverished.
  • Elder women have greater poverty rates than elder men.
  • Wide economic disparities exist between white elders and minority elders.
  • Many elderly continue to work past 65.
  • Public policy (Social Security) provides retirement income.
  • Increasing health costs are not favorable for the elderly.
24
Q

Key Terms

Define ageism.

An attitude that…

A

…discriminates, separates, stigmatizes, or otherwise disadvantages older adults on the basis of chronological age.

25
Q

Key Terms

Define: Stereotype (as relating to the elderly)

e.g., are in ill health, slow, cannot work or enjoy sexual activity.

A
  • Preconceived ideas about how a person should act, think, or feel based on fear of the unknown or lack of contact.
26
Q

Give 3 examples of condescending references that we should avoid.

A
  • Dear
  • Darling
  • Sweetie
  • Grandma
  • Honey
  • Etc.
27
Q

How can we avoid the use of condescending references?

Be respectful; Call the person by…

A

…Mr., Mrs., and so on until the person gives you permission to use his or her first name.

28
Q

What treatment behaviors should be avoided when working with the elderly?

Avoid sterotypical thinking by…

A
  • …avoiding a protective attitudes that prevent elders from active participation in their care and decisions.
  • …avoiding thinking that all elders have cognitive impairments.
29
Q

Key Terms

Define: Demography

The study of…

A

…statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations.

30
Q

Key Terms

Define: Successful aging

An optimal state attained by…

A

…avoiding disease and disability, maintaining high cognitive and physical functioning, and continuing to be actively engaged with life.

31
Q

Identify 2 contributing factors of Successful Aging.

A
  • Occupational performance.
  • Environment.
32
Q

Key Terms

Define: Primary aging

Is and leads to…

A
  • Normal gradual changes in organ systems.
  • The gradual – and presently inevitable – process of bodily deterioration that takes place throughout life. It leads to slowed movements, fading vision, impaired hearing, reduced ability to adapt to stress, decreased resistance to infections, and so forth.
33
Q

Identify 2 factors of primary aging.

A
  • Experienced by everyone.
  • Not associated with disease, impairment, or disability.
34
Q

Define: Secondary aging

A

Changes due to biological aging but accelerated by disabilities resulting from disease or produced by extrinsic factors, such as stress, trauma, lifestyle, and the environment.

35
Q

Identify 3 factors of secondary aging.

A
  • Abnormal changes in organ systems.
  • Experienced by some individuals but not all.
  • Associated with disease, impairment, or disability.
  • Frequently preventable through lifestyle changes.
36
Q

What are 3 changes to the integumentary system as we age?

A
  • Decrease in number of hair follicles.
  • Decrease in the production of melanin.
  • Loss of collagen, elastin, proteins.
  • Thinning of epidermis.
  • Reduction in sweat glands.
  • Changes in sensory receptors
37
Q

What are 3 risks associated with the changes to the integumentary system due to aging?

A
  • Increased risk of bruising due to a thinning epidermis combined
    with fragile capillaries and loss of fatty tissue.
  • Reduction in sweat glands leads to inefficient temperature
    regulation; loss of fatty tissue increases the risk of heat stroke in
    the aged.
  • Changes in sensory receptors increases pain threshold and
    impairs pain localization.
  • Changes can preclude prompt intervention and treatment.
  • Medications can make aging skin susceptible to the effects of sun
    exposure, more prone to bleed, and less able to heal.

Spec Pops (2 decks)

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