Chapter 1

Question 1

Data Analysis

Answer 1

Understand what the data is conveying by organizing, displaying, summarizing, and asking questions

Question 2

Individuals

Answer 2

Object described by a set of data

May be people, animals, or things

Question 3

Variable

Answer 3

Any characteristic of an individual

Can take different values for different individuals

Question 4

Categorical Variable

Answer 4

Places an individual into one of several groups or categories
Ex. Zip Codes, Favorite Classes, or Gender

Question 5

Quantitative Variable

Answer 5

Takes numerical values for which it makes sense to find an average (or math computation)
Ex. Measurements

Question 6

Distribution

Answer 6

Tells us what values the variable takes and how often it takes these values

Question 7

Inference

Answer 7

Drawn conclusion based on data from the population

Question 8

Frequency Table

Answer 8

Displays counts of individuals in each category

Question 9

Relative Frequency Table

Answer 9

Shows percents of individuals in each category

Question 10

Frequency

Answer 10

Counts

Question 11

Relative Frequency

Answer 11

Percents

Question 12

Round-off Error

Answer 12

Rounded percentages may not add up to 100%

Does not point to mistakes in work, just to the effect of rounding

Question 13

Pie Chart

Answer 13

Shows distribution of a categorical variable as a “pie” whose slices are sized by the counts or percents for the categories
All categories must add up to a whole
Emphasizes relation to the whole

Question 14

Bar Graphs

Answer 14

Represents each category as a bar
Bar heights show the category counts or percents
Easier to make and read than pie charts
Shows distribution of a categorical variable and can also compare any set of quantities that are measured in the same units

Question 15

Two-Way Table

Answer 15

Describes two categorical variables