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chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

matter

A

anything that has mass and takes up space

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2
Q

volume

A

the measure of a size a body or region in three dimensional space

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3
Q

Meniscus

A

the curve at the liquids surface by witch one measures the volume of the liquid

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4
Q

mass

A

a measure of the amount of matter in a object

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5
Q

weight

A

it caned be measured by pounds newtons or grams to find the weight

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6
Q

inertia

A

the tendency of a object not to move

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7
Q

Section 2

A

h

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8
Q

physical property

A

where it does not change the color or texture but its body

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9
Q

density

A

the ratio of the mass of a substance

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10
Q

physical change

A

a change of matter from one substance to another

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11
Q

Section 3

A

h

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12
Q

chemical property

A

matter that describes it abilitys

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13
Q

chemical change

A

when one substance changes to another

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14
Q

chapter 2

A

states of matter

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15
Q

states of matter

A

the physical forms of matter which include solid liquid and gas

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16
Q

solid

A

the state in matter witch the volume and shape of a substance are fixed

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17
Q

liquid

A

the state of matter that has a definite shape and volume.

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18
Q

surface tension

A

a special property of liquids

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19
Q

viscotity

A

the resistance of a gas or a liquid to flow

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20
Q

gas

A

a gas with no definite shape

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21
Q

section 2

A

h

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22
Q

temperature

A

the measure of how fast the particles are moving

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23
Q

volume

A

the amount of space a object takes up

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24
Q

pressure

A

the amount of force givin

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25
Q

Section 3

A

h

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26
Q

Change of state

A

the change of a substance from one physical state to another

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27
Q

melting

A

a change of a state in witch a solid becomes a liquid by adding energy

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28
Q

evaporation

A

the change of a substance from a liquid to a gas

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29
Q

boiling

A

the conversion of a liquid to a vapor when the vapor pressure of the liquids equals the atmospheric pressure

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30
Q

condensation

A

the change of state from a gas to a liquid

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31
Q

sublimation

A

the process in witch a solid changes directly into a gas

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32
Q

Chapter 3, Section 1

A

h

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33
Q

element

A

is a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances .

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34
Q

pure substance

A

a substance in witch there is only one type of particle

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35
Q

metal

A

an element that is shiny and conducts heat well

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36
Q

nonmetal

A

an element that conducts heat and electricity poorly

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37
Q

metalloid

A

an element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals.

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38
Q

Section 2

A

h

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39
Q

compuonds

A

a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

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40
Q

Section 3

A

h

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41
Q

mixture

A

a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.

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42
Q

solution

A

a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase

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43
Q

solute

A

in a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent.

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44
Q

solvent

A

in a solution, a substance in which the solute dissolves.

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45
Q

concentration

A

the amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture, solution, or ore

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46
Q

solubility

A

the ability of one substance to dissolve in another at a given temperature and pressure

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47
Q

suspention

A

a mixture in which particles of a material are more or less evenly dispersed throughout a liquid or a gas

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48
Q

colloid

A

a mixture consisting of tiny particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and those in suspension and that are suspended in a liquid, solid, or gas

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49
Q

Chapter 4, Section 1

A

h

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50
Q

atom

A

the smallest unit of a element that maintains the properties of that element

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51
Q

electron

A

a subatomic particle that has a negative charge

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52
Q

nucleus

A

in a physical science, an atoms central region, which is made up of protons and neutrons

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53
Q

electron cloud

A

a region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found

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54
Q

Section 2

A

h

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55
Q

proton

A

a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom

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56
Q

atomic mass unit

A

a unit of mass that describes the mass of an atom or molecule

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57
Q

neutron

A

a subatomic particle that has no charge and is found in the nucleus of a atom

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58
Q

atomic number

A

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; the atomic number is the same for all atoms of a element

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59
Q

isotope

A

an atom that has the same number of protons as other atoms of the same element do but that has a different number of neutrons

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60
Q

mass number

A

the sum of number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

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61
Q

atomic mass

A

the mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass units

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62
Q

Chapter 5, Section 1

A

h

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63
Q

periodic

A

describes something that occurs or repeats at regular intervals

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64
Q

periodic law

A

the law that states that the repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the atomic numbers of elements

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65
Q

period

A

in chemistry a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

66
Q

group

A

a vertical column of elements in the periodic table

67
Q

Section 2

A

h

68
Q

alkali metal

A

one of the elements of group 1 of the periodic table

69
Q

alkali earth metal

A

one of the elements of group 2 of the periodic table

70
Q

halogen

A

one of the elements of group 17 of the periodic table

71
Q

noble gas

A

one of the elements of group 18 of the periodic table

72
Q

Chapter 1, Section 1

A

h

73
Q

cell

A

in biology the smallest unit that can perform all life processes cells that covered by a membrane and have DNA and Cytoplasm.

74
Q

cell membrane

A

a phosphoric layer that covers a cells surface acts as a barrier between the inside the inside of a cell and the cells environment.

75
Q

organelle

A

one of the small bodies in a cells cytoplasm that are specialized to perform a specific function.

76
Q

nucleus

A

in a Eukaryota cell a membrane bound organelle that contains the cells DNA and that has a role in the process such as growth metabolism and reproduction.

77
Q

prokaryote

A

an organism that consist of a single cell that does not have a nucleus.

78
Q

eukaryote

A

an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane Eukaryota include animals, plants, and fungi but not archaebacteria and eubacteria

79
Q

Section 2

A

h

80
Q

cell wall

A

a ridged structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell.

81
Q

ribosome

A

cell organelle composed of RNA and protein the site of protein synthesis

82
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

a system of membranes found in a cells cytoplasm and that assist in the production, processing and transport of protein and in the production of lipids

83
Q

mitochondria

A

in Eukaryota cells, the cell organelle that is surrendered by two membranes and that is the site of cellar respiration

84
Q

golgi complex

A

cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell.

85
Q

vesicle

A

a small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell

86
Q

lysosome

A

a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes

87
Q

Section 3

A

h

88
Q

tissue

A

a group of similar cells that perform a common function

89
Q

organ

A

a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body

90
Q

organ system

A

a group of organs that work together to perform body functions

91
Q

organism

A

anything that can carry out life processes independily

92
Q

structure

A

the arrangement of parts in a organism

93
Q

function

A

the normal special proper activity of an organ or part

94
Q

Chapter 2, Section 1

A

h

95
Q

diffusion

A

the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density

96
Q

osmosis

A

the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane

97
Q

passive transport

A

the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy

98
Q

active transport

A

the movement of substances across the cell membrane that request the cell to use energy

99
Q

endocytosis

A

the process by which a cell membrane surronds

100
Q

Section 2

A

h

101
Q

photosynthesis

A

the process by witch plants algae and some bacteria are used as sunlight carbon dioxide and water to make up food

102
Q

cellular respiration

A

the process by witch cells use oxygen to produce energy from food

103
Q

fermentation

A

the breakdown of food without the use of oxygen

104
Q

Section 3

A

h

105
Q

homologous chromosomes

A

chromosomes that have the same sequences of genes and the same structure

106
Q

mitosis

A

in Eukaryota cells a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei each of witch has the same numbers of chromosomes

107
Q

cytokinesis

A

the division of the cytoplasm of a cell

108
Q

Chapter 3, Section 1

A

h

109
Q

heredity

A

the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring

110
Q

dominant trait

A

the trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred

111
Q

recessive trait

A

a trait that reappears in the second generation after dispersing in the first generation.

112
Q

Section 2

A

h

113
Q

gene

A

one set of instructions for an inherited trait

114
Q

allele

A

one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic.

115
Q

phenotype

A

an organisms appearance or other detectable characteristic

116
Q

genotype

A

the entire genetic makeup of an organisms.

117
Q

probabilty

A

the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event

118
Q

Section 3

A

h

119
Q

homologous chromosomes

A

chromosomes that have the same number of genes and the same structure

120
Q

meiosis

A

a process in cell division during witch the number of chromosomes are cut in to half

121
Q

sex chromosomes

A

one pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of the induvidual

122
Q

Chapter 4, Section 1

A

h

123
Q

DNA

A

Aligonucleotide acid a molecule that is in all living things

124
Q

nucleotide

A

in a nucleic acid chain a summit that consist of sugar

125
Q

Section 2

A

h

126
Q

RNA

A

ribonuclic acid it plays a role as protein

127
Q

ribosome

A

a cell organism composed of RNA

128
Q

mutation

A

a change in the nucleotide chain sequence of a chain.

129
Q

Chapter 1, Section 1

A

h

130
Q

ecology

A

the study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and their environment.

131
Q

biotic

A

describes living factors in the environment

132
Q

abiotic

A

describes the non-living part of the environment.

133
Q

population

A

a group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific geographical area

134
Q

community

A

all the populations of species that live in the same habitat and interact with one another.

135
Q

ecosystem

A

a community of organisms and their abiotic environment

136
Q

biosphere

A

the part of earth where life exist.

137
Q

Section 2

A

h

138
Q

herbivore

A

a organism that eats only plant

139
Q

carnivore

A

a organism that eats only meat

140
Q

omnivore

A

a organism that eats both plants and meat

141
Q

food chain

A

a diagram that shows how energy flows from one organism to another

142
Q

food web

A

a diagram that shows the feeding relationship between organisms

143
Q

energy pyramid

A

a diagram that shows the ecosystem loss of energy

144
Q

Section 3

A

h

145
Q

carrying capacity

A

the largest population then it carrying capacity

146
Q

prey

A

it gets eaten

147
Q

preditor

A

it eats the other animal

148
Q

symbiosis

A

its where they associate with one another

149
Q

mutualism

A

its where both species benifit

150
Q

commensalism

A

one is benefits and the other one is harmed

151
Q

parasitism

A

one benefits and the other one is harmed

152
Q

coevolution

A

makes the relationship more beneficial to both species

153
Q

Chapter 2

A

h

154
Q

evaporation

A

the change of a sub. from liquid to solid

155
Q

condensation

A

the change of a sub. from gas to lquid

156
Q

precipitation

A

any form of water that falls from earths surface to the clouds

157
Q

decompostion

A

the breakdown of sub. to simplier subs.

158
Q

combustion

A

the burning of a sub.

159
Q

succesion

A

the replacment of community by one another

160
Q

pioneer species

A

a species that colinizes an unhbabinate area

Science B-7 (1 decks)

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