Chapter 1 Flashcards
Old Stone Age weapons made out of stone, wood and bone nomadic clans few possessions drew cave paintings returned to different regions seasonally megaliths: stone monuments population was 20000 at the end of the era
Paleolithic Age
New stone Age stayed in one place crime increased due to increase of possession sewage was dumped into river success in agriculture lead to the solving of problems main crops: barley, dates and wheat domesticated animals variety of plants and animals available chose rules to carry out laws wars increased
Neolithic Age
a small country or nation set up as a centralized administration to organize the daily of people
city state
most powerful ruler who rebuilt the city of Babylon and built the “hanging gardens” for his Persian wife
Nebuchadnezzar
pictographs, lines and wedges (triangular)
cuneiform
used for trading
barter system
religious temples served as grain warehouses, storage areas for government documents, as city hall and social center
seven stories high and made out of dried clay brick
top platform made for sacrifices to the gods
ziggurats
belief in more than one god
polytheistic
belief in one god
monotheistic
main language of mesopotamia
semetic
ruler that unites Egypt and makes them powerful
first pharaoh
Menes
code of behavior that Egyptians were to follow
ma’at
capitals of the old kingdom
Memphis
female ruler of the new kingdom
ruled for 22 years
conquered and took over Syria, Palestine, Mesopotamia, and Ethiopia
Hatshepsut
built for pharaoh’s immortality
largest located in Giza
most famous belongs to King Tut
pyramids
Became pharaoh at 9, died at 17
most famous pyramid belongs to him
grave robbers weren’t successful in robbing his tomb
discovered in 1922 by Howard Carter
King Tutankhamum
slim shafted monument with pyramid on top
obelisks
capital of the new and middle kingdom
Thebes
once known as Amenhotep lV changed name because he was monotheistic worshiped the sun god Anton closed all other temples and made people worship Anton co ruled with Nefertiti
Akhenaton
co-ruled with Akhenaton
Nefertiti
pictographs, phonograms and ideograms
hieroglyphics
1799 CE French linguist Jean Champollion discovered this key to deciphering writing
The Rosetta Stone
book on religion and afterlife
The Book of the Dead
Asia Minor (Turkey) farmers raised horses, cattle, sheep and goats made iron weapons and tools military had most power traded with other civilizations to simulate ideas strict system of laws capital- Ankara tried to control too much territory so the empire ended
Hitties
Israel
small desert country located on eastern end of Mediterranean Sea
shepherds
Palestine
exile of the Jews until return to Jerusalem
The Diaspora
chief priest
rabbi
first 5 books of the old testament
Torah
black sea in caucus mountains region
light skin, light hair
may have been start of Aryan race
ruled by a warrior elite class (Battle Axe)
buried with possessions in elaborate graves and ceremonies
family traveled with during war
language served as a basis for all European languages
Indo-Europeans
Sumeria
built irrgiation system along Tigris and Euphrates River
city state development
gave orders to chief priest
Mesopotamia
oldest city
Ur
most famous ruler of Babylon
created first written “code of laws”
Hammurabi
schools in Mesopotamia where classes lasted from sunrise to sunset.
tablet houses
animal intestines predict the future
augury
civilizations along Nile River
“Gift of the Nile”
divided into three parts after Menes’ death
Egypt
when the Jews left Egypt
the Exodus
type of paper
papyrus
churches
synagogues
Lebanon
land was poor and rocky
large amount of cedar
trading nation because of large fleet and good harbors
alphabet had 22 consonants which allowed people to read and write
Phoenicia
Iran
led by Cyrus the Great
greatest ruler is Darius I
Persia
government in Persia
satrap
religion started by Zoroaster in 600 BCE
good vs evil
light vs darkness
Zoroasterianism
