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Injury Prevention And Care > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

0
Q

what is the outcome of evidence based health care?

A

improve patient care outcomes and result in cost-affective medicine

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1
Q

What’s is evidence based health care

A

Integration of best research, coupled with clinical expertise, hinged patients experience

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2
Q

Name fields under the the human performance side of the sports medicine umbrella?

A

coach, biomechanist, athletic training, sports massage, sports psychology, sports nutrition, exercise physiologist

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3
Q

name fields under the clinical side of sports medicine umbrella?

A

PT, physician, athletic training

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4
Q

What is HIPAA?

A

the Health Insurance Portability and Acoountability Act the helps guarantee that patients health records are shared in a way that they desire

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5
Q

What is FERPA?

A

The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act is a law that protects the school records of students

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6
Q

What is the FIRST action an athletic trainer or fitness instructor should consider in preventing injury?

A

conduct a pre-participation (Par-Q) or wellness screening examination to identify risk factors.

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7
Q

The treatment modality P-RICE includes what terms?

A

Prevent, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevate

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8
Q

What is liability?

A

refers to being legally responsible for the harm one causes another or to ones property.

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9
Q

What is negligence?

A

the failure of the professional to use reasonable or “ordinary” care

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10
Q

Essential components of a “case”?

A

Duty of cares between health care professional and the participants, conducts/actions of professional, that fall short, Actions/inaction caused damages.

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11
Q

What are torts?

A

legal wrongs

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12
Q

What is nonfeasance?

A

omission

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13
Q

what is Malfeasance?

A

commits act that is not legally their to perform (commission)

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14
Q

What is misfeasance?

A

performs action improperly

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15
Q

What does the good samaritan law do?

A

provides limited protection against legal liability to any individual who voluntarily chooses to provide first aid, cpr, and emergency care

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16
Q

What is sovereign immunity?

A

states that neither government nor any individual who is employed by the government can be held liable for negligence

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17
Q

What is assumption of risk?

A

players/member assume that some risk or danger is associated with the activity.

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18
Q

what is a trauma?

A

a physical injury or wound sustained in sport and produced by an external or internal force

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19
Q

what is a mechanical injury?

A

force or mechanical energy that changes the state or rest to uniform motion of matter

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20
Q

What is loading?

A

single or cumulative forces

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21
Q

what is a stress?

A

reaction of tissue to a load

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22
Q

What is a strain?

A

deformation of tissue as a result of “stress”

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23
Q

What is viscoelastic?

A

human tissue properties vary depending on the rate of the load applied

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24
Q

What is a tendon?

A

Connective tissue that attaches or connects bone to muscle

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25
Q

What is a ligament?

A

connective tissue that attaches or connects muscle to muscle

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26
Q

what is compression? and name some examples?

A

external voce pressing against each other. fracture, contusion (bruise), arthritis

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27
Q

what is tension? Example?

A

two forces pulling apart in opposite directions. muscle tares

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28
Q

What is shearing? Examples?

A

teo forces “sliding” parallel opposite directions. skin injuries like blisters

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29
Q

what is bending?

A

external force and resistive force; at the end and shaft of bones

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30
Q

What is torsion?

A

twisting in opposite directions

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31
Q

Name the cardinal signs of inflammation?

A
  1. tumor-swelling
  2. rubor-reddness
  3. dolor-pain
  4. calor-temperature
  5. functionless-loss of function
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32
Q

Name the three phases of healing?

A
  • inflammatory response (up to 4 days)
  • fibroblastic repair phase (3 days-6 weeks)
  • maturation-remodeling phase (4 weeks to 2-3 years)
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33
Q

What is a hematoma?

A

bleeding outside the joint

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34
Q

What is a hemarthrosis?

A

bleeding inside the joint

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35
Q

Name some pain theories for assessing pain?

A

gate control theory, central biasing, release of B-endorphins

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36
Q

What scales are used to assess pain?

A

visual analogue, pain charts, questionnaires, and numeric rating

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37
Q

What does the P-RICE first aid stand for?

A 
Prevention
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
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38
Q

What is a sprain?

A

injury to ligament or capsular structure

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39
Q

what is a strain?

A

injury or stretching of the muscle tissue or tendon

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40
Q

what does SOAP mean?

A

Subjective
Objective
Assessment
Plan

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41
Q

What does HOPS mean?

A

History
Observation
Palpation
Special tests

42
Q

what does a first degree sprain injury consist of?

A

mild over stretching no disruption, mild pain and tenderness, little to no disability, pain at end range, and no joint laxity

43
Q

What does second degree sprain injury consist of?

A

partial disruption of ligament, moderate to severe pain, ecchymosis and rapid swelling, limited ROM, tests showing degrees of joint instability

44
Q

what does a third degree sprain injury consist of?

A

complete disruption of ligament, moderate to severe joint instability, “pop” sound, immediate pain, functionless, tumor, and ecchymosis

45
Q

What are the 5 types of tissue loading??

A
  1. compression
  2. tension
  3. torsion
  4. shearing
  5. bending
46
Q

what is crepitus?

A

a crackling feeling or sound

47
Q

What is bursitis?

A

local swelling around a bursar that are located between bony prominences

48
Q

what is diastasis?

A

separation of two articulating bones

49
Q

what is a subluxation?

A

is a partial dislocation or when the bone comes partially out of normal articulation and then goes right back in.

50
Q

what should you do for first time ankle sprains?

A

x-ray

51
Q

what should you do first for medial eversion ankle injuries?

A

x-ray

52
Q

what is myositits ossificans?

A

result of repeated trauma to an area where a calcium deposit forms and creates a bone spur

53
Q

what is a dislocation?

A

when a bone a is out of articulation

54
Q

What type of joint is the ankle joint?

A

hinge joint

55
Q

what does the talus do for the ankle?

A

adds stability

56
Q

what connects the tibia and fibula? and what does that consist of?

A

interosseous membrane. ligamentous fibers

57
Q

what is a closed fracture?

A

when there is little or no movement or displacement of broken bones

58
Q

what is a open fracture?

A

enough displacement of fractured ends that the bone actually breaks through surrounding tissue, including skin

59
Q

what is a greenstick fracture?

A

incomplete breaks in bones that have not completely ossified

60
Q

what is a comminuted fracture?

A

consist of three or more fragments at the fracture site

61
Q

what is a linear fracture?

A

linear fractures that splits along the length of the bone

62
Q

what is a transverse fracture?

A

fractures occur in a straight line

63
Q

what is a oblique fracture?

A

fracture in a diagonal plane from a sudden torsion at one end while other is fixed

64
Q

what is a spiral fracture?

A

s-shaped separation, from planting then suddenly rotating

65
Q

What is the name for the ankle joint?

A

talocrural joint

66
Q

two movements of the ankle joint are?

A

plantar flexion and dorsiflexion

67
Q

what are the subtler movements?

A

inversion and eversion

68
Q

what three bones make up the ankle joint?

A

talus, tibia, and fibula

69
Q

what is the closed packed position of the ankle?

A

dorsiflexion

70
Q

what is the loose packed position of the ankle?

A

Plantarflexion

71
Q

what ligaments make up the lateral complex?

A

anterior talofibular lig., calaneofibular lig, posterior talofibular lig.

72
Q

what ligament makes up the medial ankle complex?

A

the deltoid ligament (makes up for shorten medial malleolus)

73
Q

what are the four compartments of the lower leg?

A

anterior compartment
lateral compartment
superficial posterior compartment
deep posterior compartment

74
Q

what muscles are part of the anterior compartment?

A

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum, and extensor hallcus

75
Q

what muscles are part of the posterior compartment?

A

tibialis posterior, flex digitorum, flexor hallcus

76
Q

what muscles make of the superficial posterior compartment?

A

gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris

77
Q

what muscle make up the lateral compartment?

A

peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, peroneus territus

78
Q

what care do you not use when it is a compartment issue?

A

do not ice or compress

79
Q

Name the mechanism, symptoms, and signs of a mid-moderate ankle sprain.

A

mechanism-inversion force and lateral ligaments attenuate
symptoms-lateral ankle tenderness, loss of normal function
signs-swelling, possible deformity and instability

80
Q

what is pitting edema?

A

press into a swelled area and the indentation stays

81
Q

Name the mechanism, symptoms, and signs of a eversion sprain (medial ankle sprain)

A

Mechanism–forced eversion and deltoid ligament sprain
Symptoms–medial malleous tenderness, loss of function, antalgic gait
Signs–swelling and hemorrhage, deformity and instability

82
Q

Name the mechanisms, symptoms, and signs of a high ankle sprain.

A

Mechanisms–dorsiflexion and external rotation
Symptoms–severe pain with ER and loss of function
Signs–swelling, antalgic gait, high pain-pt tender

83
Q

What is the name for a high ankle sprain?

A

Tib-Fib sprains

84
Q

three important things to remember about medial ankle sprains?

A

less then 10% of sprains, always x-ray, and fracture is likely

85
Q

What is the name of a fibula feature and what occurs?

A

Maisonneuve fracture-a force through the interosseous membrane into and through bone

86
Q

what makes up the achilles?

A

gastroc, soleus, plantaris

87
Q

name the mechanisms, symptoms, and signs of achilles tendinitis.

A

mechanism–overuse, repeated microtrauma, degenerative changes
Symptoms–AROM PROM pain, PROM stretch pain
Signs–swelling point tenderness, thickening in the tendon, possible crepitus

88
Q

what is tendinitis?

A

inflammation on the tendon

89
Q

what is tenosynovitis?

A

inflammation of the tendon and synovial sheath

90
Q

Name the mechanisms, symptoms, and signs of achilles tenosynovitis.

A

Mechanisms–repeated microtrauma, degenerative changes, synovial sheath
Symptoms–AROM PROM, PROM stretch pain
Signs—swelling, “snowball” crepitus, chronic inflammation leads to thickening

91
Q

Name the mechanisms, signs, and symptoms of achilles tendon rupture.

A

Mechanisms–strenuous activities, involving, plantar flexion, repeated trauma
Symptoms–sudden severe pain, audible “snapping”, loss of function
Signs–swelling and ecchymosis, achilles defect (“rent”)

92
Q

what does rent mean?

A

a divit or indent where something has ruptured

93
Q

What action plan do you take if there are signs of an achilles rupture?

A

stabilize in the position that its in
go to hospital
avoid dorsiflexion

94
Q

What are three common test for fractures?

A

compression
longitudinal
tap

95
Q

Name the mechanism, symptoms, and signs of perineal luxation.

A

Mechanism–force behind the lateral maleous, external inversion, shallow perineal groove
Symptoms–proneal pain, snapping sensation

96
Q

Name the mechanisms, symptoms, signs fibular fracture.

A

Mechanisms–direct trauma to fib, indirect ankle eversion
Symptoms–pain with force eversion, loss of function
Signs–possible deformity, rapid swelling-hematoma, delayed ecchymosis

97
Q

Name mechanisms, symptoms, and signs of tibia fracture.

A

Mechanism–direct force to tibia, indirect tibial torsion
Symptoms–sudden pain, loss of function
Signs–deformity and creptius, rapid swelling, delayed ecchymosis, false joint motion, unable to bear weight

98
Q

What is the weak link in adolescent injuries?

A

epiphyseal plate

99
Q

Name the mechanisms, symptoms, and signs of epiphyseal plate fracture.

A

Mechanism–direct tibia trauma, indirect torsion force, adolescents 10-16yrs
Aymptoms–sudden pain, loss of ankle function
Signs–possible deformity, rapid swelling, delayed ecchymosis, possible false jt motion

100
Q

What is a Jones fracture?

A

fracture in the base of the fifth metatarsal

101
Q

What is the name for epiphyseal plate fracture?

A

Salter-harris fracture

102
Q

Whats does the SALTER stand for the salter-harris fracture?

A 
Straight through
Above
Lower
Through
Everything 
Ruined
103
Q

Name the mechanism, symptoms, signs of a Jones Fracture.

A

Mechanism–indirect force of inversion and plantar flexion
Symptoms–sudden fifth metatarsal pain, instable weight bear
Signs–possible deformity, swelling, possible crepitus, delayed ecchymosis

Injury Prevention And Care (1 decks)

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