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AP Geography > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

cartography

A

the science of making maps

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2
Q

toponym

A

the name given to a place on earth

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3
Q

density

A

the frequency with which something occurs in a space

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4
Q

diffusion

A

the spreading of a feature from one place to another over time

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5
Q

distance decay

A

the diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin; trailing off

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6
Q

distribution

A

the arrangement of something across earths surface

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7
Q

globalization

A

actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide

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8
Q

GIS stands for what

A

Geographic information system

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9
Q

GIS - definition

A

a computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes and displays geographic data

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10
Q

GPS stands for what

A

Global positioning system

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11
Q

GPS - definition

A

a system that determines the precise position of something on earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations and receivers; used to determine the precise location of a place on earth

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12
Q

hearth

A

the region from which innovative ideas originate

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13
Q

latitude

A

the numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator

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14
Q

longitude

A

the numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian

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15
Q

meridians

A

arcs drawn on a map between the north and south poles

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16
Q

parallels

A

circles drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians (opposite of meridians)

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17
Q

projection

A

the system used to transfer locations from earth’s surface to a flat map

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18
Q

regional studies

A

an approach to geography that emphasizes the relationship among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area

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19
Q

remote sensing

A

using satellites to obtain data about the earth’s surface; example: scanning images of earths surface

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20
Q

scale

A

the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth’s surface

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21
Q

site

A

the physical character of a place; is important when people decide where to live; land characteristics

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22
Q

situation

A

the location of a place in relation to other places; compares one location to another and what is familiar and unfamiliar

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23
Q

physical geography

A

study of where and why natural forces occur as they do

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24
Q

concentration

A

extent or a features spread over space; relates to people being evenly dispersed

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25
Q

pattern

A

geometric arrangement of objects in space - squares and rectangles are the most common patterns

26
Q

land ordinance of 1785

A

in the US, divided much of the country into a system of townships and ranges to facilitate the sale of land to settlers

27
Q

space-time compression

A

reduction in time it takes for something to reach another place - relates to improved transportation

28
Q

friction of distance

A

more distance takes more effort - relates to the interaction between places

29
Q

human geography

A

study of where and why human activities are located where they are

30
Q

prime meridian

A

0 degrees longitude

31
Q

latitude (unit of measurement)

A

in degrees

32
Q

latitude runs what direction

A

horizontal (remember horizon in horizontal)

33
Q

longitude runs what direction

A

vertical (from the poles)

34
Q

coordinates

A

the intersection of lines of latitude and longitude

35
Q

what determines time zones?

A

longitude lines determine time zones

36
Q

formal regions

A

a uniform region where everyone shares a characteristic such as time zone

37
Q

Greenwhich mean time

A

universal time-the time at the prime meridian-reference time for all time points on earth

38
Q

international date line

A

cross it moving west and move date forward and cross it east and move date backward an entire day

39
Q

relocation diffusion

A

something spread from place to place by physical movement like moving from city to city (example-aids, language)

40
Q

expansion diffusion

A

spread of a feature by snowballing effect, from place to place - three types are contagious, hierarchical and stimulus

41
Q

contagious diffusion

A

widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population-spreads without regard for hierarchy or relocation of people. (such as the flu)

42
Q

hierarchical diffusion

A

spread of an idea from persons of authority to other persons (when politicians share ideas with other politicians of other countries)

43
Q

stimulus diffusion

A

spread of a principle even though the characteristic itself does not spread (example technological ideas spread but they do not use the same device as another set of people)

44
Q

3 types of region

A

formal, vernacular, functional

45
Q

formal region

A

an area where everyone shares a common characteristic such as language, production of a particular crop, climate

46
Q

functional region

A

also called nodal region, an area focused around a central point that diminishes in importance moving outward away from it. example tv or radio signal is strongest at the center and becomes weaker moving outward

47
Q

vernacular region

A

is a place that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity. example is the south in the united states as a place of southern culture

48
Q

equator

A

circle around the earth equally distant from the poles and is on the Earths axis

49
Q

times zones

A

move by 1 hour for each 15 degrees (when you travel west you move behind in time and forward when traveling east)

50
Q

4 ways to identify location

A

1-place name (toponym, example is South Carolina), 2-site(physical character of a place like cherry park), 3-situation (location in comparison to another place known like “next to the red brick house”),
4-mathematical location (the latitude and longitude location on earch)

51
Q

types of map scale

A

1-ratio or fraction
2-written scale
3- graphic scale

52
Q

ratio/fraction (map scale)

A

1:1000 left side is the map measure and right side is the measure on Earth’s surface such as 1 inch = 1000 miles

53
Q

written scale

A

is the relation of distanced in words such as 1 inch equals 1 mile

54
Q

graphic scale

A

usually a bar line to show distance on Earth’s surface

55
Q

Eratosthenes

A

great philosophe that invented the term geography. Geo=earth graph=write; produced the earliest map of the world

56
Q

Aristotle

A

first to demonstrate that the Earth was spherical

57
Q

Hipparchus

A

drew lines on maps of the earths surface to serve as reference for location

58
Q

Ptolemy

A

scholar and cartographer who wrote “Guide to Geography”; created guidelines/rules for mapmaking and made many maps

59
Q

Immanuel Kant

A

German philosopher credited for placing Geography in the framework of science

60
Q

Alexander Von Humboldt

A

German traveler/scientist/geographer that is the father of modern geography; he wrote Kosmos,

61
Q

Kosmos

A

writings about Earth and it’s relationship with humans and the universe; written by Von Humboldt; still one of the most important Geographical works in history

62
Q

1984 - 5 themes of geography

A

1-location 2-place 3-human environment 4-movement 5-region

AP Geography (1 decks)

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