Chapter 1

Question 0

What do neurons do?

Answer 0

They transmit information.

Question 1

What are neurons?

Answer 1

Building blocks of nervous system.

Question 2

What are two kinds of nerve fibers?

Answer 2

Dendrites & Axons

Question 3

What kind of nerve fibers are dendrites? Axons?

Answer 3

Dendrites: afferent (sensory)
Axons: efferent (motor)

Question 4

What does myelin sheath do?

Answer 4

Facilitates speed of neural transmitters.

Question 5

What are nerves?

Answer 5

Bundles of axons, dendrites or both.

Question 6

What is neural transmission? When does it occur?

Answer 6

Neural transmission is the process of information exchange. It occurs at synapse.

*Neurotransmitter- ACH

Question 7

What is in the CNS?

Answer 7

Brain

Spinal Cord

Question 8

What is in the PNS?

Answer 8

12 pairs of cranial nerves

31 pairs of spinal nerves

Question 9

What is the spinal cord?

Answer 9

Bundle of nerve fibers within the vertebral column.

Question 10

What makes up the brain?

Answer 10

Brainstem
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Cerebral Ventricles
Association Fibers
Commissural Fibers

Question 11

What makes up the brainstem?

Answer 11

Medulla
Pons
Midbrain

Question 12

What are other names for medulla, pons, & midbrain?

Answer 12

Medulla- myelencephalon
Pons- metaencephalon
Midbrain- mesencephalon

Question 13

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 13

Cerebellum coordinates and modulates force and range of body movement to produce smooth, rhythmic movements including speech movements.

*Does NOT initiate movement!!!

Question 14

How many hemisphere’s does the cerebellum have?

Answer 14

2- right and left

Question 15

What is the diencephalon?

Answer 15

Area in the brain between brainstem and cerebral hemispheres.

*It is NOT part of the hemispheres!

Question 16

What structures are located in the diencephalon?

Answer 16

3rd Ventricle
Thalamus
Basal Ganglia
Subthalamic Nuclei
Substantial Nigra

Question 17

Which ventricle is located in the diencephalon?

Answer 17

3rd Ventricle

Question 18

Which is the largest of the diencephalon structures?

Answer 18

Thalamus.

Question 19

What is the thalamus made of?

Answer 19

Made up of two egg shaped bundles of nuclei. Includes a relay station which integrates sensory info and relays it to the cortical areas. Receives info about motor impulses from basal ganglia & cerebellum and relays these to motor areas of cortex.

Question 20

Where is basal ganglia located?

Answer 20

Near the thalamus.

Question 21

What important roles does the basal ganglia play?

Answer 21

Plays important roles in inhibition and facilitation of movement.

Question 22

What can damage to the basal ganglia lead to?

Answer 22

It can lead to unusual postures, involuntary movements (dyskinesias), and dysarthria.

Question 23

What structures are part of the basal ganglia?

Answer 23

Caudate nucleus
Lenticular nucleus (putamen & globus pallidus)

Question 24

What is sometimes considered to be part of the basal ganglia? Where is it located?

Answer 24

Subthalmic nuclei located just below the thalamus.

Question 25

What structure, located below the subthalmic nuclei, is also sometimes considered to be part of the basal ganglia?

Answer 25

Substantial nigra

Question 26

What are cerebral ventricles?

Answer 26

Interconnected cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 27

What is CSF?

Answer 27

A clear fluid which circulates through CNS and cushions the brain, regulates intracranial pressure, nourishes neural tissue, and removes waste products.

Question 28

True or False: Changes in CSF may indicate neurological problem.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Ventricles hold what percentage of the bodies CSF?

Answer 29

15%

Question 30

Where is the remaining 85% of CSF located?

Answer 30

Subarachnoid space

Question 31

CSF flows through the _________ and is then __________ into the blood.

Answer 31

Ventricles; reabsorbed

Question 33

How often is CSF replaced?

Answer 33

Every 8 hours.

Question 34

What are the four ventricle?

Answer 34

2 lateral ventricles 3rd ventricle 4th ventricle

Question 35

What are the largest of the ventricle? Where are they found?

Answer 35

2 lateral ventricles which are found below the corpus callosum.

Question 36

Where is the 3rd ventricle located? How is is connected with the lateral ventricles?

Answer 36

Located at the top of the brainstem below the lateral ventricles. Connected to the lateral ventricles via foramen of Munro.

Question 37

Ventricles contain the choroid plexus. What does the choroid plexus produce?

Answer 37

Cerebrospinal Fluid