Chapter 1 Flashcards
Organic chemistry
Carbon containing chemicals
Ex: Pharmaceuticals, plastics
What is chemistry
A science that deals with the materials of the universe and the changes that these materials undergo
Inorganic chemistry
Matter that doesn’t contain carbon
Ex: metals, minerals, semiconductors
Physical chemistry
Heavy in math and physics
Often deals with atomic properties of substances
Ex: reaction rates, mechanisms, computations
Analytical chemistry
Components/ composition of substances, majority of chemists
Ex: quality control, food, nutrients
Biochemistry
The chemistry of living things
Ex: metabolism, molecular biology
Scientific method
Observation Hypothesis Experiment Analyze data Retest
Matter
Anything that has mass and occupies space
Four basic states of matter
Solid, liquid, gas, plasma
Things that are not matter
Energy, electricity, magnetic fields, sound etc.
Wave particle duality
All matter has wave AND particle characteristics
SEM
Scanning electron microscope
STM
Scanning tunneling microscope
- allows to see groups of atoms
Elements
Substances that contain one type of atom
Ex: aluminum, carbon, tin etc
Compound
Substances that contain two or more different atoms,
The compound always has the same ratio of atoms
Homogenous mixture
The same throughout aka solution
Sugar, water, salt water
Heterogenous mixture
A mixture that has distinct regions/ layers aliquots taken from different layers will not be the same
Ex: sand, oil, flour, and water
Aliquot
Samples taken from anywhere in a mixture
Physical properties
A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the samples composition
Ex: odor, color, volume, state or matter, density, melting and boiling point.
Chemical properties
The ability of a substance to form new substances, chemical changes are fundamental components of the substances
Ex: combustion reactions, rusting of iron
Evidence for chemical change
Heat or light is emitted Gas evolution Formation of a precipitate Change in energy Heat is released ( endothermic) Heat is absorbed ( endothermic)
Qualitative observation
Made using all five sense, these observations are not precise and do not involve numbers
Quantitative observations
Are precise, involve data and graphs and measurements
Uncertainty
Whenever a measurement is made a certain amount of estimation is required, every measurement has some degree of uncertainty
Significant figures
The numbers recorded in a measurement ( all of certain numbers and the first uncertain number
Scientific notation
A conventional method for writing numbers that are very large or very small
