Chapter 1

Question 0

Hybridization

Answer 0

Melding of cultures together (McDonalds overseas)

Question 1

Globalization

Answer 1

Increasing inter connectedness of people/places through converging processes of economics/politics/cultural differences

Question 2

Transnational firms

Answer 2

Do global business through international subsidiaries (disrupt local ecosystems in search for natural resources/ manufacturing)

Question 3

Economic convergence

Answer 3

Belief that the Worlds poorer countries will eventually catch up with more advanced economies

Question 4

Thomas Friedman

Answer 4

Advocate for globalization. Thinks world has become “flat” so that financial, capital, goods and services can flow freely.

Question 5

Sweatshops

Answer 5

Crude factories I’m which workers sew clothing/ assemble shoes/ other labor intensive tasks for extremely low wages. (Pro globalizers like because they think it provides opportunity to grow upwards)

Question 6

World Bank

Answer 6

Loans money to middle income and credit worthy low income countries. Interests rates often times unplayable for poorest countries, funds projects that force natives off land and harms the ecosystem.

Question 7

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Answer 7

Works to promote international financial stability by providing countries enough time to balance their payments. Critics of it say it’s too willing to lend money to countries with bad human rights efforts, loan conditions too strict.

Question 8

World Trade Organization

Answer 8

Works to reduce trade barriers. Very stealthy.

Question 9

Trickle down effect

Answer 9

Eventually everyone will benefit from it.

Question 10

John Gray

Answer 10

Critic of globalization and Friedman and believes the “electronic nerd is susceptible to stampedes”

Question 11

Bubble economy

Answer 11

Vast sums of money flow into a developing country creates speculative inflation

Question 12

Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)

Answer 12

Depicts the annual growth rate for a country or region as a %. (Subtracting deaths from births.)

Question 13

Crude birth/death rate

Answer 13

Demographers divide the gross numbers of births or deaths by total population producing a number per 1,000 of the population.

Question 14

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Answer 14

Synthetic hypothetical number that erasures the fertility of a statistically fictitious yet average group of women mincing through their childbearing years. Any number less than 2.1 implies no pop growths

Question 15

Population pyramid

Answer 15

Structure of population, plots the % of all different age groups along the vertical axis that divides the population into male/female

Question 16

Demographic transition model

Answer 16

Four stage conceptualization that tracks changes in birth rates/death rates through time as population urbanizes.
Stage 1- preindustrial Stage 2- transitional
Stage 3- transitional. Stage 4- industrial

Question 17

Net migration rate

Answer 17

Statistic that depicts whether more people are entering or leaving a country (per 1,000)

Question 18

Urbanized population

Answer 18

% of a countries population living in cities

Question 19

Culture

Answer 19

Learned, not innate, and is shared behavior held in common by a group of people, empowering them with a way of life.

Question 20

Cultural imperialism

Answer 20

Active promotion of 1 culture system at the expense of another

Question 21

Cultural nationalism

Answer 21

Process of protecting and defending a cultural system agains diluting or offensive cultural expressions while actively promoting national and local cultural events.

Question 22

Lingua Franca

Answer 22

When people from different cultural groups can’t communicate directly in native tongue they agree on a 3rd language to serve as a common tongue (like French used to be the language of world affairs)

Question 23

Universalizing religions

Answer 23

Attempt to appeal to all people (Christianity)

Question 24

Ethnic religions

Answer 24

Remain identified with specific ethnic, tribal or national group (Judaism, Hinduism)

Question 25

Secularization

Answer 25

Non religious or atheist

Question 26

State

Answer 26

Entity with territorial boundaries recognized by other countries, internally governed by an organizational structure

Question 27

Nation

Answer 27

Large group of people who share many cultural elements (language, religion) and simple cultural identity (#TigerNation)

Question 28

Nation-States

Answer 28

Ideally a relatively homogenous cultural group with its own fully independent political territory. ( many large cultural groups see autonomy/ self rule from previous mother nation)

Question 29

Centrifugal forces

Answer 29

Cultural and political forces acting to weaken or divide existing state (Quebec, Calatans)

Question 30

Centripetal forces

Answer 30

Forces that promote political unity and reinforce the state structure (shared history, military security, schools)

Question 31

Asymmetrical warfare

Answer 31

Nation state vs extremists
Or
Differences between superpowers military vs lower level technology/guerrilla warfare (Al Queda)

Question 32

Colonialism

Answer 32

Refers to formal establishment of rule over a foreign population

Question 33

Decolonization

Answer 33

Refers to a process of a colony’s gaining control over its territory and establishing separating independent government.