Chapter 1 Flashcards
Hybridization
Melding of cultures together (McDonalds overseas)
Globalization
Increasing inter connectedness of people/places through converging processes of economics/politics/cultural differences
Transnational firms
Do global business through international subsidiaries (disrupt local ecosystems in search for natural resources/ manufacturing)
Economic convergence
Belief that the Worlds poorer countries will eventually catch up with more advanced economies
Thomas Friedman
Advocate for globalization. Thinks world has become “flat” so that financial, capital, goods and services can flow freely.
Sweatshops
Crude factories I’m which workers sew clothing/ assemble shoes/ other labor intensive tasks for extremely low wages. (Pro globalizers like because they think it provides opportunity to grow upwards)
World Bank
Loans money to middle income and credit worthy low income countries. Interests rates often times unplayable for poorest countries, funds projects that force natives off land and harms the ecosystem.
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Works to promote international financial stability by providing countries enough time to balance their payments. Critics of it say it’s too willing to lend money to countries with bad human rights efforts, loan conditions too strict.
World Trade Organization
Works to reduce trade barriers. Very stealthy.
Trickle down effect
Eventually everyone will benefit from it.
John Gray
Critic of globalization and Friedman and believes the “electronic nerd is susceptible to stampedes”
Bubble economy
Vast sums of money flow into a developing country creates speculative inflation
Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)
Depicts the annual growth rate for a country or region as a %. (Subtracting deaths from births.)
Crude birth/death rate
Demographers divide the gross numbers of births or deaths by total population producing a number per 1,000 of the population.
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
Synthetic hypothetical number that erasures the fertility of a statistically fictitious yet average group of women mincing through their childbearing years. Any number less than 2.1 implies no pop growths
Population pyramid
Structure of population, plots the % of all different age groups along the vertical axis that divides the population into male/female
Demographic transition model
Four stage conceptualization that tracks changes in birth rates/death rates through time as population urbanizes.
Stage 1- preindustrial Stage 2- transitional
Stage 3- transitional. Stage 4- industrial
Net migration rate
Statistic that depicts whether more people are entering or leaving a country (per 1,000)
Urbanized population
% of a countries population living in cities
Culture
Learned, not innate, and is shared behavior held in common by a group of people, empowering them with a way of life.
Cultural imperialism
Active promotion of 1 culture system at the expense of another
Cultural nationalism
Process of protecting and defending a cultural system agains diluting or offensive cultural expressions while actively promoting national and local cultural events.
Lingua Franca
When people from different cultural groups can’t communicate directly in native tongue they agree on a 3rd language to serve as a common tongue (like French used to be the language of world affairs)
Universalizing religions
Attempt to appeal to all people (Christianity)
