Chapter 1 Flashcards
Nurture
Nurture-environmental influences
Beginning with the health and diet of the embryo continues lifelong, including family school culture and society
Nature
Nature- influence of genes that people inherit
Dynamic-Systems Theory
A view that human development is an ongoing interaction between the person and his/her environment
Development is Plastic
Human traits can be molded yet people maintain a certain durability of identity.
Mirror neurons
Cells in an observer’s brain that respond to an action performed by someone else in the same way they would if the observer had actually performed it.
Theories of Development
A systematic statement of principles and generalizations that provide a framework for understanding how and why people change as they grow older.
Psychoanalytic Theory
A theory of human development that holds irrational and unconscious drives and motives, often originating in childhood, underlie human behavior.
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
Behaviorism
Theories of learning: classical and operant conditioning.
Classical Conditioning
A major way abnormal behaviors are learned.
Ivan Pavlov
Operant Conditioning: Reinforcement
Behavior which is reinforced tends to be repeated; behavior which is not reinforced tends to die out.
B.F Skinner
Cognitive Theory
Thoughts and expectations profoundly affect action and focuses on changes in how people think over time.
Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
Humanism
Stresses the potential of humans for good, all people have the same needs and emphasizes what people have in common.
Abraham Maslow & Carl Rodgers
Evolutionary Theory
Humans are more alike than different and human development is influenced by drives to survive and reproduce.
Based on Darwin
Selective Adaptation
Process by which people adapt to their environment.
Evolutionary Theory belief
