Chapter 1

Question 0

Blinding

Answer 0

The method of not giving the specifics of a project to the people participating in a research or study

Question 1

Alternative Time Sampling

Answer 1

Time parameters that are set during a research project

Question 2

Case Study

Answer 2

A type of research in which a single case is investigated and documented over a period of time

Question 3

Certification

Answer 3

A process in which a person, an institution, or a program is evaluated and recognized as meeting certain predetermined standards to provide safe and ethical care

Question 4

Cohort Research

Answer 4

A type of research that examine patterns of change, a sequence of events, or trends over time within a certain population of study subjects

Question 5

Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI)

Answer 5

A system of internal and external reviews and audits of all aspects of an EMS system

Question 6

Convenience Sampling

Answer 6

A type of research in which subjects are manually assigned to a specific person or crew, rather than being randomly assigned; the least-preferred component of research

Question 7

Cross-Sectional Design

Answer 7

A data collection method in which all data at one point in time is collected, essentially serving as a “snapshot” of events and information

Question 8

Descriptive Research

Answer 8

A research format in which an observation of an event is made, but without attempts to alter or change it

Question 9

Emergency Medical Services (EMS)

Answer 9

A health care system designed to bring immediate on-scene care to those in need along with transport to a definitive medical care facility

Question 10

Ethical

Answer 10

Behavior expected by a person or group following a set of rules

Question 11

Evidence-based practice

Answer 11

The use of practices that have been proven to be effective in improving patient outcomes

Question 12

Health care professional

Answer 12

A person who follows specific professional attributes that are outlined in this profession

Question 13

Inferential Research

Answer 13

A research format that uses a hypothesis to prove one finding from another

Question 14

Institutional review board (IRB)

Answer 14

A group or institution that follows a set of requirements for review that were devised by the US Public Health Servicd

Question 15

Licensure

Answer 15

The process by which a state allows qualified people to perform a regulated act

Question 16

Literature Review

Answer 16

A form of research in which the existing literature is reviewed and the researcher analyzes the collection of research to draw a conclusion

Question 17

Longitudinal design

Answer 17

A data collection method in which information is collected at various set time intervals, and not just at one time

Question 18

Medical direction

Answer 18

Direction given to an EMS service or provider by a physician

Question 19

Mobile Intensive Care Units (MICU)

Answer 19

An early title given to an ambulance-style unit

Question 20

Off-line medical control

Answer 20

Medical direction given through a set of protocols, policies, and/or standards

Question 21

Online medical control

Answer 21

Medical direction given in real time to an EMS service or provider

Question 22

Parameters

Answer 22

Outlined measures that may be difficult to obtain in a research project

Question 23

Peer review

Answer 23

The process used by medical magazines, journals, and other publications to ensure quality and validity of an article before publishing it, and which involves sending the article to subject matter experts for review of the content and research methods

Question 24

Profession

Answer 24

A specialized set of knowledge, skills, and/or expertise

Question 25

Prospective research

Answer 25

A type of research that gathers information as events occur in real time

Question 26

Protocol

Answer 26

A treatment plan developed for a specific illness or injury

Question 27

Qualitative

Answer 27

A type of measurement in research that uses a mean, median, and mode

Question 28

Reciprocity

Answer 28

The process of granting licensure or certification to a provider from another state or agency

Question 29

Registration

Answer 29

Providing information to an entity that stores it in some form of record book. In the context of EMS, records of your education, state, or local licensure, and recertification are held by a recognized board

Question 30

Research agenda

Answer 30

The specific questions that a study aims to answer, and the precise methods in which the data will be gathered

Question 31

Research consortium

Answer 31

A group of agencies working together to study a particular topic

Question 32

Research domain

Answer 32

The area (clinical, systems, or education) that will be impacted by a study

Question 33

Retrospective research

Answer 33

Research performed from current available information

Question 34

Sampling errors

Answer 34

Expected errors that occur in the sampling phase of research

Question 35

Standing order

Answer 35

A type of protocol that is a written document signed by the EMS system’s medical director that outlines specific directions, permissions, and sometimes prohibitions regarding patient care that is rendered prior to contacting medical control

Question 36

Systematic sampling

Answer 36

A computer generated list of subjects or groups for research

Question 37

Trauma systems

Answer 37

The collaboration of prehospital and in-hospital medicine that focuses on optimizing the use of resources and assets of each with a primary goal of reducing the mortality and morbidity of trauma patients

Question 38

Unblinded study

Answer 38

A type of study in which the subjects are advised of all aspects of the study