Chapter 1 Flashcards
Substance
A form of matter that has a constant composition and distinct properties
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass
Mixture
Combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their distinct identities
Homogeneous mixture
Composition is the same throughout
Heterogenous mixture
Composition is not uniform
Element
Cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means
Compound
Substance composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically united in fixed portions
S
Pure solid
l
Pure liquid
g
Pure gas
aq
Aqueous mixture
Physical property
Can be measured and observed without changing the composition or identity of a substance
Chemical property
To observe we must carry out a chemical change
Extensive property
Depends on how much matter is being considered
Mass
The quantity of matter in a given sample of the substance
Volume
Length cubed
Intensive property
Does not depend on how much matter is being considered
Density
The mass of an object divided by its volume
Macroscopic properties
Can be determined directly
Microscopic properties
On the atomic or molecular scale must be determined by an indirect method
SI
International system of units
Length
Meter
m
Mass
Kilogram
kg
Time
Second
s
Electrical current
Ampere
A
Temperature
Kelvin
K
Amount of substance
Mole
mol
Luminous intensity
Candela
cd
Tera-
T
10^12
Giga-
G
10^9
mega-
M
10^6
kilo-
k
10^3
deci-
d
10^-1
Centi-
c
10^-2
milli-
m
10^-3
Micro-
Weird u
10^-6
nano-
n
10^-9
pico-
p
10^-12
Weight
The force that gravity exerts on an object
Liter
Volume occupied by one cubic decimeter
Significant figures
The meaningful digits in a measured or calculated quantity
Accuracy
How close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity that was measured
Precision
How closely two or more measurements of the same quantity agree with one another
