Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Medical Microbiology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

0
Q

What function do soil microorganisms play?

A

Help breakdown wastes and incorporate nitrogen gas from the air and organic compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What process do microorganisms play a vital role in to create oxygen and food critical to life on earth?

A

Photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Importance of Carolus Linnaeus?

A

Established the system of nomenclature (naming) for organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are microbes?

A

Living things that are individually to small to be seen with the unaided eye.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do the majority of microorganisms do for the enviroment?

A

Help maintain the balance of living organisms and chemicals in our enviroment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What role do microbes play in the intestines of living organisms?

A

Helps digestion and synthesis of vitamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What function do marine microorganisms play?

A

Form the basis of the food chain in water enviroments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa, and microscopic algae is part of what group of living things?

A

Microbes/Microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Importance of Chaim Weizmann?

A

Discovered the process by which microbes produce acetone and butanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was the importance of microbes producing acetone during world war 1

A

Helped create cordite.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the translation of prokaryote in Greek?

A

prenucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is cordite?

A

A smokeless form of gun powder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the first name and the one that is always capitalized called in the nomenclature system?

A

Genus or Genera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the term for the species name in the nomenclature system?

A

Specific epithet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do both names of a organism need to be?

A

Underlined or italicized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The majority of microorganisms are pathogenic

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do scientific names do?

A

Describe an organism, honor a researcher, or identify the habitat of the species.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Staphylococcus aureus?

A

A bacterium commonly found on human skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What did Anton von Leeuwenhoek build for his hobby?

A

Microscopes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What groups does the prokaryotes cover?

A

bacteria and archea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Importance of Theodor Escherich

A

Found E.coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What was the general theory behind spontaneous theory

A

Small organisms such as bacteria, flies, and small animals were thought to arise spontaneously.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are bacteria?

A

simple, single celled organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Who was the first person to use a viral agent to provide immunity to a disease?

A

Edward Jenner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
What is E.coli?
Common bacterium found in human large intestine
26
Are bacterial cells prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
prokaryotes
27
Describe the importance of Robert Hooke
Hooke was the first person to coin the term "cells"
28
WHo discovered the "microscopic world"
Anton von Leewenhoek
28
Who named their little organisms they discovered "animicules"
Anton von Leewenhoek
30
Describe the importance of Schleiden and Schwann
Developed the cell theory which states all life is made of cells
31
Who put to rest the theory of spontaneous generation?
Louis Pasteur
32
What was the goal of Spontaneous Generation Theory?
attempted to explain how many forms of life arose
33
How did Edward Jenner discover immunity to smallpox?
used cowpox blister scrapings
34
Who disproved the Spontaneous generation theory?
Louis Pasteur
35
Who was Robert Koch?
Established links to specific diseases to specific microorganisms
36
Who was credited for building the first microscopes?
Anton von Leewenhoek
37
Describe the process of pasteurization
Heating a substance to a certain temperature to kill of harmful bacteria to help prevent spoilage
38
Who discovered the process of fermentation?
Louis Pasteur
38
What disease was carried in milk but was successfully eradicated by the process of pasteurization?
Tuberculosis
40
What was Edward Jenners contribution towards immunity
Discovered a way to provide immunity to smallpox
40
Describe the germ theory
Controversial theory that stated microorganisms caused disease
41
Describe the function of Escherichia coli
Normal flora of the human GI tract, but can cause disease
42
Who was Joseph Lister?
English surgeon who applied the principles of the germ theory to medical issues
43
Who discovered the process of pasteurization?
Louis Pasteur
44
WHat enviroment do thermophiles live in?
Extreme heat enviroments
45
Who discovered the cause of tuberculosis?
Robert Koch
46
What bacteria causes tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
48
Which bacterium did Theodor Escherich discover?
Escherichia coli
49
Who discovered penicillin?
Alexander Flemming
50
What are sulfa drugs?
synthetic antimicrobial drugs developed in the 1930's
51
Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus and or organelles?
No
52
Do Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles?
Yes
53
What type of cells does the domain eubacteria contain?
Prokaryotic
54
If a prokaryotic cell is part of the Domain Archaea does its cell wall contain peptidoglycan?
No
55
Give three examples of prokaryotic cells which live in extreme environments and which domain these three are apart of
Halophiles, Methanogens, and thermophiles
56
WHAT IS GENE THERAPY
THE INSERTION OF A GENE THAT REPLACES A MISSING OR DEFECTIVE GENE IN THE RECIPIENT
57
What environment does halophiles live in?
Extreme salty enviroments
58
WHich domain contains "true bacteria?"
Domain Eubacteria
59
What is microbial genetics?
Study of the mechanisms which microorganisms inherit traits
60
WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR NORMAL MICROBIOTA
FLORA
61
What enviroment do methanogens live in
High methane areas
63
If a Domain eubacteria has a cell wall does it contain peptidoglycan?
Yes
64
Describe recombinant DNA
DNA produced by inserting animal or human DNA into bacterial DNA to produce a desired protein, such as human hormones
65
What is molecular biology?
Studies how genetic information is carried in DNA and how DNA directs the synthesis of proteins
66
Do cells within the domain eukarya have a nucleus and organelles?
Yes
66
List the four kingdoms under the domain eukarya
Kingdom Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and animalia
67
Describe Paul Bergs discovery
Showed how to attach human or animal DNA to bacterial DNA to reproduce the desired proteins
68
Who proposed the model and replication of DNA structure?
James Watson and Francis Crick
69
Describe what Beadle and Tatum demonstrated in 1941
Relationship between DNA and enzymes
70
WHat is the primary bacterium used for pest control?
Bacillus thuringiensis
71
What is microbial ecology
Study of the relationship between microorganisms and the enviroment
72
Describe the discovery of Tatum and Lederberg
Bacteria can transmit genetic information through conjugation
72
What is biomediation
Process by which toxins are broken down into less harmful substances

Medical Microbiology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions