Chapter 1

Question 1

What was the land bridge and why did it develop

Answer 1

Connected the lands so animals and people migrated- ice age

Question 2

population figures of mesoamerica and the mississippian region prior to the arrival of columbus

Answer 2

meso-40 million

miss-7 million

Question 3

what countries led in the discovery of the New World and why?

Answer 3

Portugal and Spain–because they were on western edge of europe

Question 4

what is matrilineal and which cultures were?

Answer 4

a system of family organization in which social identity and property descend through the female line. children are raised in their mother’s household and her brother (uncle) plays an important role in their lives. Eastern Woodlands did this

Question 5

what was the renaissance

Answer 5

rebirth of interest and knowledge- more discoveries

Question 6

what was the reformation

Answer 6

split christian church

Question 7

who was martin luther

Answer 7

he condemned the sale of indulgences. 95 thesis and started reformation

Question 8

who was john calvin

Answer 8

most proponent of predestination which became a fundamental tenet of Puritan theology. You we chosen to either go to heaven or hell by birth.

Question 9

indulgences

Answer 9

a certificate granted by the Catholic Church that claimed to pardon a sinner from punishment in the afterlife

Question 10

predestinations

Answer 10

the idea that God chooses certain people for salvation even before they are born

Question 11

what was columbus’ goals

Answer 11

reach east indies

Question 12

what nation sponsored columbus

Answer 12

Spain

Question 13

why might mayan culture have declined

Answer 13

drought and rise of Native American groups

Question 14

which cultural region (mississippian or mesoamerican) declined first

Answer 14

mesoamerican

Question 15

who conquered the aztecs

Answer 15

Hernando Cortes

Question 16

who conquered the incas

Answer 16

Spanish explorer Francisco Pizarro

Question 17

which european nation first engaged in the african slave trade

Answer 17

Portugal

Question 18

what were encomiendas

Answer 18

land grants in america given by the spanish kings to privileged landholders. They also had control over native peoples who lieved on or near the estates

Question 19

why did disease devastate native american cultures

Answer 19

they had been isolated from Europe and so they had no immune system

Question 20

connection between Henry VIII and the church of england

Answer 20

English king who created the Church of England after the Pope refused to annul his marriage (divorce with Church approval)

Question 21

what was mercantilism

Answer 21

set of parliamentary policies that regulated colonial commerce and manufacturing for the enrichment of Britain. Policies ensured that the American colonies produced agricultural goods and raw materials for export to britain, where they sold to other nations to make into finished goods

Question 22

2 types of west african religious beliefs

Answer 22

muslim and animism (worshiping spirits)