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Intro To Chemistry > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

Scientific Method

-Order of method

A
  1. Observation
  2. Formulation of a question
  3. Hypothesis
  4. Experimentation
  5. Data Analysis
  6. Either a THEORY or a NEW HYPOTHESIS
  7. Theory leads to further experimentation
  8. New hypothesis leads to development of new experimentation and theory
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1
Q

Scientific Method

A
  1. Systematic approach to the discovery of new information
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2
Q

Theory

A
  1. A hypothesis supported by extensive experimentation
  2. More credible than a hypothesis
  3. Can still be refined and polished
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3
Q

Hypothesis

A
  1. An attempt to explain an observation or series of observations in a commonsense way. “Educated Guess”
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4
Q

Scientific Law

A
  1. Summary of a large body of information gathered from experiments
  2. A law is observed by many different people in many different situations with the same outcomes
  3. Cannot be proven any more! No exception
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5
Q

Physical Properties

A
  1. Can be observed w/out change to the composition or identity of the matter
  2. The “look & feel” of matter
    Ex. Color, Texture, Water changing between freezing, liquid, & gas
    Odor and Taste
    Freezing and Boiling point of any substance
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6
Q

Chemical Properties

A
  1. Result in a change in composition and can be observed only through chemical reactions
  2. Most chemical changes tend to be Irreversible
    Ex. Breakfast that is digested
    Food that has fermented or become rancid
    Burning wood
    Photosynthesis
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7
Q

Intensive Properties

A
  1. Property that is independent of quantity of substance
    Ex:
    -Density, Boiling, melting points and freezing point, Specific gravity
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8
Q

Extensive Properties

A
  1. Depends on the quantity of a substance
    Ex:
    -Mass and volume, length
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9
Q

Matter

-Pure Substances

A
  1. Elements & Compounds
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10
Q

Matter

-Pure Substances “element”

A
  1. Periodic Table

Ex- Hydrogen, Sodium

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11
Q

Matter

-Pure Substance “Compound”

A
  1. 2 or more elements come together and make a new substance w/ a new identity
    - Salt (NaCl)
    - Water (H20)
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12
Q

Matter

-Mixtures

A
  1. Homogeneous

2. Heterogeneous

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13
Q

Matter

-Mixtures “Homogeneous”

A
  1. Uniform composition in which particles are well mixed or thoroughly intermingled
    Ex: Air, Salt in water, Paint, Brass
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14
Q

Matter

-Heterogeneous Mixture

A
  1. 2 or more substances combine but each keeps its own identity
    Ex:
    Veggie soup, Oil in water, Salt and Pepper
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15
Q

Reporting Digits

A
  1. When reporting digits report all digits measured with exact accuracy and 1 digit that is estimated.
  2. ALWAYS put the units of measure after the number
16
Q

Prefixes in Metric System

-mega (M)

A
  1. 10^6 or 1,000,000.
17
Q

Prefixes in Metric System

-kilo (k)

A
  1. 10^3 or 1,000.
18
Q

Prefixes in Metric System

-deka (da)

A
  1. 10^1 or 10.
19
Q

Prefixes in Metric System

-deci (d)

A
  1. 10^-1 or 0.1
20
Q

Prefixes in Metric System

-centi (c)

A
  1. 10^-2 or .01
21
Q

Prefixes in Metric System

-milli (m)

A
  1. 10^-3 or 0.001
22
Q

Prefixes in Metric System

-micro (u)

A
  1. 10^-6 or 0.000001
23
Q

Prefixes in Metric System

-nano (n)

A
  1. 10^-9 or 0.000000001
24
Q

Accuracy

A
  1. Degree of agreement between the TRUE value and the measured value
25
Q

Uncertainty

A
  1. Degree of doubt in a single measurement
26
Q

Error

A
  1. Difference between the true value and our estimation, or measurement of the value
27
Q

Precision

A
  1. Measure of the agreement of replicate measurements

2. Can you get the same results over and over? Are they close?

28
Q

Adding and Subtracting Sig Figs

A
  1. Report up to the amount of the smallest number after the decimal point
  2. Don’t forget to round digits
29
Q

Multiplying & Dividing Sig Figs

A
  1. The answer should have the same amount of sig figs as the figure with the least amount of digits
30
Q

Volume Measurements

A
  1. 1 Cubic Centimeter 1cm^3 is the same as 1 mL TEST
31
Q

Freezing and Boiling point of Water

-In Kelvin, F, and C

A
  1. C = 0 degrees and 100 degrees
  2. K = 273 degrees and 373 degrees
  3. F = 32 degrees and 212 degrees
32
Q

Conversion for Kelvin to Celsius

A
  1. K = Celsius + 273 TEST
33
Q

Conversions for Celsius and Fahrenheit

A
  1. F = 1.8(C) + 32

2. C = F - 32 / 1.8

34
Q

Density Calculation

A
  1. Mass / Volume = Density (DMV)
35
Q

Volume Calculation

A
  1. Mass / Density = Volume
36
Q

Mass Calculation

A
  1. Volume X Density = Mass
37
Q

Specific Gravity

A
  1. Density of Object (g/ml) / Density of water (g/ml)

Intro To Chemistry (1 decks)

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