Chapter 1

Question 1

nearest to the body center, joint center, or reference point

Answer 1

proximal

Question 2

away from the body center, joint center, or reference point

Answer 2

distal

Question 3

above, toward the head

Answer 3

superior (cranial)

Question 4

lower than, toward the feet

Answer 4

inferior (caudal)

Question 5

toward the front

Answer 5

anterior (ventral)

Question 6

toward the back

Answer 6

posterior (dorsal)

Question 7

closer to the midline

Answer 7

medial

Question 8

away from the midline

Answer 8

lateral

Question 9

makes a division into right and left portions

Answer 9

sagittal plane

Question 10

makes a division into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions

Answer 10

frontal plane

Question 11

makes a division into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions

Answer 11

transverse (horizontal) plane

Question 12

lies perpendicular to the sagittal plane

Answer 12

mediolateral axis

Question 13

lies perpendicular to the frontal plane

Answer 13

anteroposterior axis

Question 14

lies perpendicular to the transverse plane

Answer 14

longitudinal axis

Question 15

movement that decreases the joint angle. It occurs in a sagittal plane around a mediolateral axis.

Answer 15

flexion

Question 16

movement opposite to flexion, increases the joint angle. It occurs in a sagittal plane around a mediolateral axis.

Answer 16

extension

Question 17

movement toward the midline of the body in a frontal plane around an anteroposterior axis

Answer 17

adduction

Question 18

movement away from the midline of the body in a frontal plane around an anteroposterior axis

Answer 18

abduction

Question 19

movement around a longitudinal axis and in the transverse plane, either toward the midline (internal) or away from the midline (external)

Answer 19

rotation

Question 20

a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction. The segment moving in circumduction describes a cone.

Answer 20

circumduction

Question 21

rotational movement at the radioulnar joint in a transverse plane about a longitudinal axis that results in the palm facing downward

Answer 21

pronation

Question 22

rotational movement at the radioulnar joint in a transverse plane around a longitudinal axis that results in the palm facing upward

Answer 22

supination

Question 23

extension at the ankle joint

Answer 23

plantarflexion

Question 24

flexion at the ankle joint

Answer 24

dorsiflexion

Question 25

turning the sole of the foot away from the midline (outward)

Answer 25

eversion

Question 26

turning the sole of the foot toward the midline (inward)

Answer 26

inversion

Question 27

includes the bones the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum; it forms the longtitudinal axis of the body, supports and protects organ systems, and provides surface area for the attachment of muscles

Answer 27

axial skeleton

Question 28

includes the bones of the arms and legs and the pectoral and pelvic girdles; functions to attach the limbs to the trunk

Answer 28

appendicular skeleton

Question 29

exaggerated posterior thoracic curvature

Answer 29

hyperkyphosis

Question 30

exaggerated anterior lumbar curvature

Answer 30

hyperlordosis

Question 31

lateral deviation in the frontal plane

Answer 31

scoliosis

Question 32

spaces between the ribs

Answer 32

intercostal space

Question 33

a slightly raised surface landmark where the manubrium meets the body of the sternum

Answer 33

sternal angle

Question 34

consists of compact bone surrounding a thin layer of cancellous bone, within which lies the medullary cavity, which is filled with yellow bone marrow

Answer 34

diaphysis

Question 35

consists of cancellous bone surrounded by a layer of compact bone

Answer 35

epiphysis

Question 36

production site of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets found in spongy bone

Answer 36

hematopoiesis

Question 37

the junction, in immature long bones, between the epiphysis and the diaphysis where growth of long bone occurs

Answer 37

epiphyseal plate