Chapter 1-2 Terms

Question 1

An internal consciousness, or awareness, shared by many people. It may be based on a shared memory of and pride in specific events, which become myths and symbols of belonging

Answer 1

Collective consciousness

Question 2

A period of social and political upheaval in France and its colonies beginning in 1789 and ending in 1799

Answer 2

French Revolution

Question 3

When all three states (the first, second and third estate) come together to meet and vote

Answer 3

Estates-general

Question 4

The last king of France before the fall of monarchy during the French Revolution

Answer 4

Louis XVI

Question 5

0.5% of the population, the most privileged. Had supervised education, recorded births, deaths and marriages, and paid no taxes

Answer 5

First estate

Question 6

1.5% of the population, really privileged. Collected taxes, and paid no tax (besides 1/5 land tax), and could be tried in court (unlike first estate)

Answer 6

Second estate

Question 7

98% of the population, the least privileged. Had no privileges, and had the burden of taxation on them

Answer 7

Third estate

Question 8

The list of grievances drawn up by each of the three estates in France, in the year that the French revolution began

Answer 8

cahiers de doléances

Question 9

The political and social system of the kingdom of France, from the late Middle Ages until the French revolution of 1789.

Answer 9

Ancien Régime

Question 10

The middle class, typically with reference to its perceived materialistic values or conventional attitudes

Answer 10

bourgeoisie

Question 11

A way of structuring society from relationships that were derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour

Answer 11

Feudal system

Question 12

The intellectuals of the 18th century enlightenment, who studied philosophy, history, science, politics, economics, and social issues

Answer 12

Philosophes

Question 13

A human rights civil document from the French revolution, set by France’s National Constituent Assembly in 1789

Answer 13

Declaration of the Rights of Man

Question 14

A revolutionary assembly formed by the representatives of the third estate of the Estates-General

Answer 14

National Assembly

Question 15

A commitment to a national constitution and representative government, taken by delegates at the Estates-General at Versailles. It is one of the most iconic moments of the French Revolution

Answer 15

Tennis Court Oath

Question 16

A system of government in which a monarch shares power with a constitutionally organized government

Answer 16

Constitutional monarchy

Question 17

A member of a radical society or club of revolutionaries that promoted the Reign of Terror

Answer 17

Jacobins

Question 18

Members of a loosely knit political faction during the French Revolution

Answer 18

Girondins

Question 19

A parliament of the French Revolution. Created after the great insurrection of 10 August 1792, it was the first French government organized as a republic

Answer 19

National convention

Question 20

A French term used for a policy of mass national conscription, often in the face of invasion

Answer 20

levée en masse

Question 21

A French lawyer and statesman, he was one of the most influential figures of the French Revolution. Responsible for Reign of Terror.

Answer 21

Robespierre

Question 22

A leading figure in the early stages of the French revolution, as the first President of the Committee of Public Safety. Executed by Robespierre

Answer 22

Danton

Question 23

An important Jacobin radical. He wrote pamphlets arguing for reform. He was murdered by Charlotte Corday.

Answer 23

Marat

Question 24

September 1973-July 1974; terror used to control France in order to bring about equality and freedom

Answer 24

Reign of Terror

Question 25

A French military leader who became notorious as an artillery commander during the French Revolution

Answer 25

Napoleon

Question 26

Outlines the body of institution and laws used to re-organize France after the revolution; legalized many advances gained in the Revolution

Answer 26

Napoleonic Code

Question 27

Devised to stifle British economy, the system forbid Europe to trade with England

Answer 27

Continental System