Chapter 1/2 (review)

Question 1

What are 4 representative particles?

Answer 1

atoms, molecules, ions, formula units

Question 2

What is the periodic law?

Answer 2

Properties/elements repeat in regular intervals when elements are arranged in increasing atomic number

Question 3

Who created the first periodic table?

Answer 3

Mendeleev

Question 4

Explain the difference between empirical and theoretical knowledge.

Answer 4

Empirical knowledge is observable. Theoretical knowledge is not observable, and describes observations in terms of ideas.

Question 5

What does SATP stand for?

Answer 5

Standard ambient temperature and pressure

Question 6

What are subatomic particles (protons and neutrons) made out of?

Answer 6

Quarks

Question 7

What is a hydrate? What happens when they are heated?

Answer 7

Ionic compounds that have a certain number of water molecules associated with their crystal structure. When heated, water will be released as vapour and it will become anhydrous and often change colour.

Question 8

What type of force is made/broken during a physical change? How much energy does this take?

Answer 8

Intermolecular (external bonds); it is a small energy change.

Question 9

What type of force is made/broken during a chemical change? How much energy does this take?

Answer 9

Intramolecular (internal bonds); medium energy change

Question 9

What is the purpose of a diagnostic test?

Answer 9

They increase the certainty that a new substance has formed (chem. reaction)

Question 9

Describe a nuclear change in matter (3 points).

Answer 9

• radiation
• new elements
• huge energy change

Question 10

What is the kinetic molecular theory? (KMT) Describe the 3 necessary criteria for a chemical reaction (collision reaction theory).

Answer 10

It states that the smallest entities of a substance are in continuous motion. They collide with each other and with the objects in their path. If the collision (1) has a certain orientation (2) and sufficient energy (3), the components of the entities will rearrange to form new entities (chemical reaction).

Question 10

True or false: when the temperature/thermal energy increases, so does the kinetic energy of particles.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

True or false: physical changes are not easily reversed.

Answer 11

False

Question 12

What are the 4 signs of a chemical change?

Answer 12

• colour change
• odour change
• formation of a precipitate/gas
• energy change (endo/exo thermic)