Chapter 1-2 quiz key terms

Question 1

vygotsky

Answer 1

Sociocultural theory
zone of proximal development
children learn through guidance

Question 2

reinforcement

Answer 2

adding or taking away something from the situation in order to encourage or discourage behavior
B.F skinner

Question 3

freud

Answer 3

Pyschosexual stages : ID , EGO, SUPEREGO
importance of early childhood experiences shaping our personality/behavior
Oral stage

Question 4

oral stage

Answer 4

infants seek oral gratification

Question 5

Erik Erikson

Answer 5

Father of developmental psychology / Psychosocial development/theory

Question 6

classical conditioning

Answer 6

explanation of how we learn to feel the way we do
Ivan Pavlov

Question 7

operant conditioning

Answer 7

describes how we repeat behaviors because they pay off for us “Law of Effect”

Question 8

Social Learning theory

Answer 8

Albert Bandura - our actions are not learned through conditioning rather they are learned from watching others

Question 9

Piaget

Answer 9

Father of cognitive psychology - children’s intellectual skills change over time due to maturation

Question 10

Brofenbrenner

Answer 10

Ecological systems theory- development reflects the influence of 5 env. systems

Question 11

Confirmation bias

Answer 11

the tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one’s existing beliefs or theories.

Question 12

Quantitative

Answer 12

Data that is in numbers

Question 13

Qualitative

Answer 13

Data in the form of recorded descriptions rather than numerical measurements.

Question 14

Independent variable

Answer 14

variable that is manipulated

Question 15

dependent variable

Answer 15

The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.

Question 16

Id

Answer 16

part of the personality present at birth and completely unconscious

Question 17

ego

Answer 17

developed through interaction and guided by logic or reality principle

Question 18

superego

Answer 18

part of the personality that acts as a moral center

Question 19

Ethnocentrism

Answer 19

the belief that ones own culture belief is superior to every other culture or group

Question 20

Punishment

Answer 20

an effort to stop behavior —> following an action with something unpleasant or painful